European Investment Bank
![EIB headquarters, East building](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/European_Investment_Bank_Headquarter_Building.jpg)
The EIB focuses on the areas of climate, environment, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), development, cohesion and infrastructure. It has played a large role in providing finance during crises including the 2008 financial crash and the COVID-19 pandemic. Over 60 years since its inception in 1958 to 2018 the EIB has invested over 1.1 trillion euros. It primarily funds projects that "cannot be entirely financed by the various means available in the individual Member States".
The EIB is one of the biggest financiers of green finance in the world. In 2007, the EIB became the first institution in the world to issue green bonds. In 2019 it committed to stop funding fossil fuel projects by the end of 2021. The EIB plans to invest 1 trillion euros in climate-related projects by 2030 including a just transition. The EIB is not funded through the budget of the EU. Instead, it raises money through the international capital markets by issuing bonds. The EIB is rated triple-A, the most credit-worthy rating on the bond market, by "the Big Three" credit rating agencies: Moody's, Standard and Poor's, and Fitch. Each member state pays capital into the EIB's reserves which is broadly in line with their share of EU gross domestic product.
The EIB was founded by the Treaty of Rome, which came into force on 1 January 1958. It was the first of the world's regional development banks and is sometimes referred to as the largest multilateral development bank (MDB). The EIB was established to facilitate equitable development in the EU through lending to regions that are less developed and to support the EU's internal market. The EIB is active in 140 countries throughout the world. It makes around 10% of its investments outside the EU to support the European Union's development aid and cooperation policies.
The EIB has been criticised and caused controversy for various actions and inactions of its own (or projects it funded), including: insufficient stakeholder consultation, lack of organisational transparency, climate change response, defense and promotion of vegetarian and vegan values, tax avoidance, and staff harassment. Provided by Wikipedia
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181
EIB Working Papers 2020/03 - Employer provided training in Europe Determinants and obstacles (Volume 2020/3) by Brunello, Giorgio
Published 2020Other Authors: DOAB: download the publication
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182
EIB Working Papers 2019/05 - Skill shortages and skill mismatch in Europe A review of the literature (Volume 2019/5) by Brunello, Giorgio
Published 2019Other Authors: DOAB: download the publication
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183
EIB Working Papers 2019/02 - How energy audits promote SMEs' energy efficiency investment (Volume 2019/2) by Revoltella, Debora
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184
EIB Working Papers 2020/02 - Impact of FDI on economic growth The role of country income levels and institutional strength (Volume 2020/2) by Baiashvili, Tamar
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185
EIB Working Papers 2019/11 - Macro-based asset allocation An empirical analysis (Volume 2019/11) by Schmieder, Christian
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186
EIB Working Papers 2019/01 - Blockchain, FinTechs and their relevance for international financial institutions (Volume 2019/1) by Davradakis, Emmanouil
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187
EIB Working Paper 2021/01 - Towards a new growth model in CESEE Convergence and competitiveness through smart, green and inclusive investment (Volume 2021/01) by Gereben, Áron
Published 2021Other Authors: DOAB: download the publication
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188
EIB Working Paper 2020/09 - Investment vs debt trade-offs in the post-COVID-19 European economy by Pál, Rozália
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189
Stockholm The Tale of the Unicorn Factory (Volume 6) by Zetterberg, Olof
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190
Győr How to compete with capital cities (Volume 7) by Tosics, Iván
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191
Warsaw Revival and realignment (Volume 3) by Szlachta, Jacek
Published 2018Other Authors: DOAB: download the publication
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192
EIB Working Paper 2021/04 - Aggregate productivity slowdown in Europe New evidence from corporate balance sheets by Wolski, Marcin
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193
EIB Working Paper 2021/07 - Can European businesses achieve productivity gains from investments in energy efficiency? by Niczyporuk, Hanna
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194
EIB Working Paper 2021/06 - Efficiency and effectiveness of the COVID-19 government support Evidence from firm-level data by Pál, Rozália
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195
The state of local infrastructure investment in Europe by McGoldrick, Peter
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196
EIB Working Papers 2019/05 - Skill shortages and skill mismatch in Europe A review of the literature (Volume 2019/5) by Brunello, Giorgio
Published 2019Other Authors: OAPEN Library: download the publication
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197
EIB Working Papers 2020/03 - Employer provided training in Europe Determinants and obstacles (Volume 2020/3) by Brunello, Giorgio
Published 2020Other Authors: OAPEN Library: download the publication
OAPEN Library: description of the publication
Electronic Book Chapter -
198
EIB Working Papers 2019/02 - How energy audits promote SMEs' energy efficiency investment (Volume 2019/2) by Revoltella, Debora
Published 2019Other Authors: OAPEN Library: download the publication
OAPEN Library: description of the publication
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199
EIB Working Papers 2019/01 - Blockchain, FinTechs and their relevance for international financial institutions (Volume 2019/1) by Davradakis, Emmanouil
Published 2019Other Authors: OAPEN Library: download the publication
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200
EIB Working Papers 2019/11 - Macro-based asset allocation An empirical analysis (Volume 2019/11) by Schmieder, Christian
Published 2020Other Authors: OAPEN Library: download the publication
OAPEN Library: description of the publication
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