European Investment Bank
The European Investment Bank (EIB) is the European Union's investment bank and is owned by the 27 member states. It is the largest multilateral financial institution in the world. The EIB finances and invests both through equity and debt solutions companies and projects that achieve the policy aims of the European Union through loans, equity and guarantees.The EIB focuses on the areas of climate, environment, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), development, cohesion and infrastructure. It has played a large role in providing finance during crises including the 2008 financial crash and the COVID-19 pandemic. Over 60 years since its inception in 1958 to 2018 the EIB has invested over 1.1 trillion euros. It primarily funds projects that "cannot be entirely financed by the various means available in the individual Member States".
The EIB is one of the biggest financiers of green finance in the world. In 2007, the EIB became the first institution in the world to issue green bonds. In 2019 it committed to stop funding fossil fuel projects by the end of 2021. The EIB plans to invest 1 trillion euros in climate-related projects by 2030 including a just transition. The EIB is not funded through the budget of the EU. Instead, it raises money through the international capital markets by issuing bonds. The EIB is rated triple-A, the most credit-worthy rating on the bond market, by "the Big Three" credit rating agencies: Moody's, Standard and Poor's, and Fitch. Each member state pays capital into the EIB's reserves which is broadly in line with their share of EU gross domestic product.
The EIB was founded by the Treaty of Rome, which came into force on 1 January 1958. It was the first of the world's regional development banks and is sometimes referred to as the largest multilateral development bank (MDB). The EIB was established to facilitate equitable development in the EU through lending to regions that are less developed and to support the EU's internal market. The EIB is active in 140 countries throughout the world. It makes around 10% of its investments outside the EU to support the European Union's development aid and cooperation policies.
The EIB has been criticised and caused controversy for various actions and inactions of its own (or projects it funded), including: insufficient stakeholder consultation, lack of organisational transparency, climate change response, defense and promotion of vegetarian and vegan values, tax avoidance, and staff harassment. Provided by Wikipedia
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EIB Working Papers 2020/02 - Impact of FDI on economic growth The role of country income levels and institutional strength (Volume 2020/2) by Baiashvili, Tamar
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202
EIB Working Paper 2021/01 - Towards a new growth model in CESEE Convergence and competitiveness through smart, green and inclusive investment (Volume 2021/01) by Gereben, Áron
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203
EIB Working Paper 2020/09 - Investment vs debt trade-offs in the post-COVID-19 European economy by Pál, Rozália
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204
Warsaw Revival and realignment (Volume 3) by Szlachta, Jacek
Published 2018Other Authors: OAPEN Library: download the publication
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205
Why Vienna gets high marks (Volume 2) by Löw, Jana
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206
Győr How to compete with capital cities (Volume 7) by Tosics, Iván
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207
Stockholm The Tale of the Unicorn Factory (Volume 6) by Zetterberg, Olof
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208
Bologna A Sustainable Culture (Volume 8) by Carbonaro, Gianni
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209
EIB Working Paper 2021/06 - Efficiency and effectiveness of the COVID-19 government support Evidence from firm-level data by Pál, Rozália
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210
EIB Working Paper 2021/04 - Aggregate productivity slowdown in Europe New evidence from corporate balance sheets by Wolski, Marcin
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211
EIB Working Paper 2021/07 - Can European businesses achieve productivity gains from investments in energy efficiency? by Niczyporuk, Hanna
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212
The state of local infrastructure investment in Europe by McGoldrick, Peter
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213
EIB Working Papers 2020/01 - How can favourable financing improve energy efficiency investments? Evidence from new experimental data (Volume 2020/1) by Ravillard, Pauline
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214
EIB Working Papers 2019/06 - Promoting energy audits Results from an experiment (Volume 2019/6) by Ravillard, Pauline
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215
Funding women entrepreneurs How to empower growth by Fackelmann, Surya
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216
Why are women entrepreneurs missing out on funding? Reflections and considerations - Executive summary by Fackelmann, Surya
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217
Three foundations A competitive, sustainable, inclusive Europe by Bending, Tim
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218
EIB Working Papers 2019/06 - Promoting energy audits Results from an experiment (Volume 2019/6) by Ravillard, Pauline
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219
EIB Working Papers 2020/01 - How can favourable financing improve energy efficiency investments? Evidence from new experimental data (Volume 2020/1) by Ravillard, Pauline
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220
Why are women entrepreneurs missing out on funding? Reflections and considerations - Executive summary by Fackelmann, Surya
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