European Investment Bank
![EIB headquarters, East building](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/European_Investment_Bank_Headquarter_Building.jpg)
The EIB focuses on the areas of climate, environment, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), development, cohesion and infrastructure. It has played a large role in providing finance during crises including the 2008 financial crash and the COVID-19 pandemic. Over 60 years since its inception in 1958 to 2018 the EIB has invested over 1.1 trillion euros. It primarily funds projects that "cannot be entirely financed by the various means available in the individual Member States".
The EIB is one of the biggest financiers of green finance in the world. In 2007, the EIB became the first institution in the world to issue green bonds. In 2019 it committed to stop funding fossil fuel projects by the end of 2021. The EIB plans to invest 1 trillion euros in climate-related projects by 2030 including a just transition. The EIB is not funded through the budget of the EU. Instead, it raises money through the international capital markets by issuing bonds. The EIB is rated triple-A, the most credit-worthy rating on the bond market, by "the Big Three" credit rating agencies: Moody's, Standard and Poor's, and Fitch. Each member state pays capital into the EIB's reserves which is broadly in line with their share of EU gross domestic product.
The EIB was founded by the Treaty of Rome, which came into force on 1 January 1958. It was the first of the world's regional development banks and is sometimes referred to as the largest multilateral development bank (MDB). The EIB was established to facilitate equitable development in the EU through lending to regions that are less developed and to support the EU's internal market. The EIB is active in 140 countries throughout the world. It makes around 10% of its investments outside the EU to support the European Union's development aid and cooperation policies.
The EIB has been criticised and caused controversy for various actions and inactions of its own (or projects it funded), including: insufficient stakeholder consultation, lack of organisational transparency, climate change response, defense and promotion of vegetarian and vegan values, tax avoidance, and staff harassment. Provided by Wikipedia
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221
Three foundations A competitive, sustainable, inclusive Europe by Bending, Tim
Published 2019Other Authors: OAPEN Library: download the publication
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222
Funding women entrepreneurs How to empower growth by Fackelmann, Surya
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223
EIB Working Papers 2019/07 - What firms don't like about bank loans New evidence from survey data (Volume 2019/7) by Ségol, Matthieu
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224
EIB Working Papers 2019/04 - Can survey-based information help to assess investment gaps in the EU? (Volume 2019/4) by Dejuan, Daniel
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225
EIB Working Paper 2020/07 - The growing digital divide in Europe and the United States (Volume 2020/7) by Rückert, Désirée
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226
EIB Working Papers 2020/04 - Making a difference Assessing the impact of the EIB's funding to SMEs (Volume 2020/4) by Gereben, Áron
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227
EIB Working Paper 2020/06 - Digital technologies and firm performance Evidence from Europe (Volume 2020/6) by Rückert, Désirée
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228
EIB Working Papers 2019/03 - Financing and obstacles for high growth enterprises The European case (Volume 2019/3) by Pal, Rozalia
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229
From starting to scaling How to foster startup growth in Europe by Reypens, Charlotte
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230
The EIB in the city Investment on the agenda (Volume 9) by Clark, Greg
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231
The story of your city (Volume 1) by Moonen, Tim
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232
London Mobility city (Volume 4) by Moonen, Tim
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233
EIB Working Paper 2021/05 - The impact of bank loan terms on intangible investment in Europe by Kolevy, Atanas
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234
EIB Working Paper 2021/03 - Assessing climate change risks at the country level the EIB scoring model by Ferrazzi, Matteo
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235
European firms and climate change 2020/2021 by Kalantzis, Fotios
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236
EIB Working Papers 2019/03 - Financing and obstacles for high growth enterprises The European case (Volume 2019/3) by Pal, Rozalia
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237
EIB Working Papers 2019/04 - Can survey-based information help to assess investment gaps in the EU? (Volume 2019/4) by Dejuan, Daniel
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238
EIB Working Papers 2019/07 - What firms don't like about bank loans New evidence from survey data (Volume 2019/7) by Ségol, Matthieu
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239
EIB Working Paper 2020/07 - The growing digital divide in Europe and the United States (Volume 2020/7) by Rückert, Désirée
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240
From starting to scaling How to foster startup growth in Europe by Reypens, Charlotte
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