European Investment Bank
![EIB headquarters, East building](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/European_Investment_Bank_Headquarter_Building.jpg)
The EIB focuses on the areas of climate, environment, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), development, cohesion and infrastructure. It has played a large role in providing finance during crises including the 2008 financial crash and the COVID-19 pandemic. Over 60 years since its inception in 1958 to 2018 the EIB has invested over 1.1 trillion euros. It primarily funds projects that "cannot be entirely financed by the various means available in the individual Member States".
The EIB is one of the biggest financiers of green finance in the world. In 2007, the EIB became the first institution in the world to issue green bonds. In 2019 it committed to stop funding fossil fuel projects by the end of 2021. The EIB plans to invest 1 trillion euros in climate-related projects by 2030 including a just transition. The EIB is not funded through the budget of the EU. Instead, it raises money through the international capital markets by issuing bonds. The EIB is rated triple-A, the most credit-worthy rating on the bond market, by "the Big Three" credit rating agencies: Moody's, Standard and Poor's, and Fitch. Each member state pays capital into the EIB's reserves which is broadly in line with their share of EU gross domestic product.
The EIB was founded by the Treaty of Rome, which came into force on 1 January 1958. It was the first of the world's regional development banks and is sometimes referred to as the largest multilateral development bank (MDB). The EIB was established to facilitate equitable development in the EU through lending to regions that are less developed and to support the EU's internal market. The EIB is active in 140 countries throughout the world. It makes around 10% of its investments outside the EU to support the European Union's development aid and cooperation policies.
The EIB has been criticised and caused controversy for various actions and inactions of its own (or projects it funded), including: insufficient stakeholder consultation, lack of organisational transparency, climate change response, defense and promotion of vegetarian and vegan values, tax avoidance, and staff harassment. Provided by Wikipedia
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161
Food for change (Volume 9) by Bottura, Massimo
Published 2019Other Authors: “…European Investment Bank…”
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162
The genome e-volution (Volume 12)
Published 2020Other Authors: “…European Investment Bank…”
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163
I have a dream (Volume 8) by Vio, Bebe
Published 2019Other Authors: “…European Investment Bank…”
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164
Life in Cyberspace (Volume 5) by Aiken, Mary
Published 2019Other Authors: “…European Investment Bank…”
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165
Smart Europe (Volume 4) by Rifkin, Jeremy
Published 2019Other Authors: “…European Investment Bank…”
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166
On Water (Volume 1) by Arthus-Bertrand, Yann
Published 2019Other Authors: “…European Investment Bank…”
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167
Common Ground (Volume 10) by de Grey, Spencer
Published 2019Other Authors: “…European Investment Bank…”
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168
Don't fear AI (Volume 2) by Atkinson, Robert
Published 2019Other Authors: “…European Investment Bank…”
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169
A bright future (Volume 6) by Birol, Faith
Published 2019Other Authors: “…European Investment Bank…”
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170
Burgas Planning a Black Sea smart city (Volume 5) by Field, Brian
Published 2019Other Authors: “…European Investment Bank…”
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171
The rise of Africa's digital economy The European Investment Bank's activities to support Africa's transition to a digital economy
Published 2021Other Authors: “…European Investment Bank…”
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172
EIB Financial Report 2020
Published 2021Other Authors: “…European Investment Bank…”
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173
On Inequality (Big Ideas) by Bending, Tessa
Published 2021Other Authors: “…European Investment Bank…”
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174
Default statistics Private and sub-sovereign lending 2001-2019
Published 2021Other Authors: “…European Investment Bank…”
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175
The 15 circular steps for cities - Second edition
Published 2021Other Authors: “…European Investment Bank…”
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176
EIB financing and borrowing activities 2020
Published 2021Other Authors: “…European Investment Bank…”
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177
The EIB Climate Survey 2020-2021 - The climate crisis in a COVID-19 world calls for a green recovery
Published 2021Other Authors: “…European Investment Bank…”
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178
EIB Group Sustainability Report 2020
Published 2021Other Authors: “…European Investment Bank…”
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179
EIB Working Paper 2022/11 - A structural analysis of foreign exchange markets in sub-Saharan Africa by Kaltenbrunner, Annina
Published 2022Other Authors: “…European Investment Bank…”
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180
EIB Working Paper 2022/12 - Determinants of the exchange rate, its volatility and currency crash risk in Africa's low and lower middle-income countries by Okot, Anjelo
Published 2022Other Authors: “…European Investment Bank…”
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