John Bowring
Sir John Bowring ,|group=note}} or
Phrayā Siam Mānukūlakicca Siammitra Mahāyaśa, , |group=note}} (17 October 1792 – 23 November 1872) was a British
political economist, traveller, writer,
literary translator,
polyglot and the fourth
Governor of Hong Kong. He was appointed by
Queen Victoria as emissary to Siam, later he was appointed by
King Mongkut of Siam as ambassador to London, also making a
treaty of amity with Siam on 18 April 1855, now referred to as the "Bowring Treaty". His namesake treaty was fully effective for 70 years, until the reign of
Vajiravudh. This treaty was gradually edited and became completely ineffective in 1938 under the government of
Plaek Phibunsongkhram. Later, he was sent as a commissioner of Britain to the newly created
Kingdom of Italy in 1861. He died in
Claremont in
Devon on 23 November 1872.
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