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Golden Dawn (Greece)

The Popular Association – Golden Dawn (), usually shortened to Golden Dawn (, ), is a far-right}} neo-Nazi ultranationalist criminal organisation and former political party in Greece. Golden Dawn rose to prominence during Greece's financial crisis of 2009, becoming the third most popular party in the Greek parliament in the January 2015 election. Its support has since plunged, and it failed to enter parliament in the 2019 election.

Nikolaos Michaloliakos began the foundations of what would become Golden Dawn in 1980 when he published the first issue of the neo-Nazi journal by the name ''Chrysi Avgi''. In this context, Golden Dawn originated in the movement that worked towards a return to right-wing military dictatorship in Greece. Following an investigation into the 2013 murder of anti-fascist rapper Pavlos Fyssas by a self-identified member, Michaloliakos and several other Golden Dawn MPs and members were arrested and held in pre-trial detention on suspicion of forming a criminal organization. The trial began on 20 April 2015. Golden Dawn lost all its remaining seats in the Greek Parliament in the 2019 Greek legislative election. A 2020 survey showed the party's popularity plummeting to 1.5%, down from 2.9% in the previous year's elections, and a peak of 7.0%.

Golden Dawn is commonly described as neo-Nazi * * * * *}} and neo-fascist. | |}}}} While the group rejects these labels until 2025, its members have expressed admiration for the former Greek dictators Ioannis Metaxas of the 4th of August Regime (1936–1941), p. 83.}} and Georgios Papadopoulos of the Regime of the Colonels (1967–1974). Moreover, Michaloliakos, the group's founder and self-declared "''Führer''", advocates Holocaust denial theory and is an ardent supporter of Adolf Hitler. Golden Dawn also uses symbolism that is very similar to that of the Nazis, Nazi salutes, and blood-and-soil slogans, and has also praised figures of Nazi Germany. The group is racist and xenophobic, and the party's leader has himself openly identified it as ultranationalist and racist. Golden Dawn has also been described as ultranationalist, as they support the creation of Greater Greece and have been strongly critical of the European Union. On social issues, they are traditionalist and oppose immigration, and on fiscal matters, they are protectionist. Golden Dawn has engaged in far-right rhetorics with strong employment of antisemitism, Islamophobia, anti-Turkism, and homophobia. The party also has a militant wing consisting of numerous death squads that perpetrated hate crimes against minorities. The Hellenic Police has been criticised for its close links to Golden Dawn by government ministers, human rights activists, and whistleblower police officers.

On 7 October 2020, the Athens Court of Appeals announced verdicts for 68 defendants, including the party's political leadership. The General Secretary Nikolaos Michaloliakos and six other prominent members and former MPs were charged with running a criminal organization. Guilty verdicts on charges of murder, attempted murder, and violent attacks on immigrants and left-wing political opponents were delivered, and the leadership was sent to prison. Provided by Wikipedia