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Manes

The abbreviation ''D.M.'' at the top of this 3rd-century Christian tombstone stands for ''Dis Manibus'', "to the Spirits of the Dead" In ancient Roman religion, the ''Manes'' (, , ) or ''Di Manes'' are chthonic deities sometimes thought to represent souls of deceased loved ones. They were associated with the ''Lares'', ''Lemures'', ''Genii'', and ''Di Penates'' as deities (''di'') that pertained to domestic, local, and personal cult. They belonged broadly to the category of ''di inferi'', "those who dwell below", the undifferentiated collective of divine dead. The Manes were honored during the Parentalia and Feralia in February.

The theologian St. Augustine, writing about the subject a few centuries after most of the Latin pagan references to such spirits, differentiated Manes from other types of Roman spirits:

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Latin spells of antiquity were often addressed to the Manes. Provided by Wikipedia
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    Mathematics for Elementary Teachers by Manes, Michelle

    Published 2017
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