Evaluating Evidence of Mechanisms in Medicine Principles and Procedures /

Evaluating Evidence of Mechanisms in Medicine Principles and Procedures /

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This book is open access under a CC BY license. This book is the first to develop explicit methods for evaluating evidence of mechanisms in the field of medicine. It explains why it can be important to make this evidence explicit, and describes how to take such evidence into account in the evidence...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Parkkinen, Veli-Pekka (Author), Wallmann, Christian (Author), Wilde, Michael (Author), Clarke, Brendan (Author), Illari, Phyllis (Author), Kelly, Michael P. (Author), Norell, Charles (Author), Russo, Federica (Author), Shaw, Beth (Author), Williamson, Jon (Author)
Corporate Author: SpringerLink (Online service)
Format: Electronic eBook
Language:English
Published: Cham : Springer International Publishing : Imprint: Springer, 2018.
Edition:1st ed. 2018.
Series:SpringerBriefs in Philosophy,
Subjects:
Medicine > Philosophy.
Knowledge, Theory of.
Philosophy of Medicine.
Epistemology.
Online Access:Link to Metadata
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Table of Contents:
  • 1 Introduction
  • 1.1 What is a mechanism?
  • 1.2 Where does evidence of a mechanism come from?
  • 1.3 Why consider evidence of mechanisms?
  • 1.3.1 Evaluating efficacy
  • 1.3.2 Evaluating external validity
  • 1.3.3 Other questions
  • 1.3.4 Importance of considering evidence of mechanisms
  • 2 How to consider evidence of mechanisms: a summary
  • 2.1 Questions to address
  • 2.2 Quality level of evidence and status of claim
  • 2.3 Identifying evidence of mechanisms in the literature
  • 2.4 Evaluating evidence of mechanisms
  • 2.5 Using evidence of mechanisms to evaluate causal claims
  • 2.6 Overall approach
  • 3 Identifying evidence of mechanisms in the literature
  • 3.1 Hypothesize a mechanism
  • 3.2 Search the literature
  • 3.3 Identify the evidence most relevant to the mechanism hypothesis
  • 3.4 Presenting the evidence of mechanisms
  • 4 Evaluating evidence of mechanisms
  • 4.1 Considerations for evaluating evidence of mechanism
  • 4.2 Presenting quality of evidence of mechanisms
  • 5 Using evidence of mechanisms to evaluate efficacy and external validity
  • 5.1 Efficacy
  • 5.2 External validity
  • 6 Glossary
  • 7 References
  • 8 Acknowledgements
  • 9 Appendix A. A critical appraisal tool for evidence of mechanisms
  • 10 Appendix B. GRADE tables with mechanism assessment
  • 11 Appendix C: Databases for evidence of mechanisms
  • 12 Appendix D: Assessing exposures
  • 12.1 Example: carcinogenicity of benzo[a]pyrene
  • 12.2 Comparison to IARC
  • 12.3 Molecular epidemiology
  • 12.4 Comparison to SYRINA.

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