The Effects of LED Light Spectra and Intensities on Plant Growth

• Other Authors: Cavallaro, Valeria (Editor), Muleo, Rosario (Editor)
• Format: Electronic Book Chapter
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2023
• Subjects: Research & information: general; Biology, life sciences; Botany & plant sciences; Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don; alkaloid content; callus; in vitro culture; LED lights; light intensity; saponarin; isoorientin; hexacosanol; octacosanol; fatty acyl-coenzyme A reductase (FAR); blue LED; flower bud formation; number of flowers; photoperiod; photomorphogenesis; blue photon flux density; functional structural plant modelling; indoor farming; LED lighting; artificial lighting; energy use efficiency; protected horticulture; light exposure; far-red illumination; medicinal plants; water use efficiency; growth analysis; canopy size; incident light; light interception; light use efficiency; mizuna; projected canopy size; quantum yield of photosystem II; blue light; Cucumis sativus L. (cucumber); green light; light-emitting diode (LED); morphology; photosynthesis; red light; intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE); photostationary state of phytochrome (PSS); photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD); yield photon flux (YPF); medicinal plant; Scutellaria baicalensis; flavones; metabolites; light-emitting diode; daily light integral; volatile organic compounds; energy consumption; plant morphology; biomass efficacy; sodium lamps; plants cultivation; silicon fertilizer; red-leaved lettuce; green-leaved lettuce; CoeLux®; LEDs; light spectrum; Arabidopsis thaliana; growth and development; confined environment; low light; mint; monoterpenes; solid phase microextraction (SPME); hydroponics; LED supplement; LED light; fluorescent light; UV light; elicitation; plant secondary metabolites; plant in vitro cultures; LED; ascorbic acid; chlorophylls; carotenoids; light quality; tomato; greenhouse; light spectra; root stock; photosensors; host-pathogen interaction; resistance genes; gene regulation; bacterial growth; Erwinia amylovora; circadian rhythms; optogenetics; Internet of Things (IoT); optimal control; supplemental lighting in greenhouses; image processing; light-emitting diodes (LEDs); intra-canopy illumination; interlighting; bell pepper; fruit set; daily light integral (DLI); Lactuca sativa; plant factory; chlorophyll fluorescence; carbon isotope discrimination; light fluence rate; growth regulators; alfalfa; growth; adaption; n/a
• Online Access: DOAB: download the publication; DOAB: description of the publication

Light is the main source of energy for the primary process that sustains life on our planet, known as photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the strategy adopted by many living organisms for capturing and incorporating energy, and it is under this context that light is primarily experienced, explored, and exploited. Plants perceive information from the ambient environment and communicate with other organisms using light. They have developed a plethora of photoreceptors that permit this communication with the surrounding environment. Additionally, the physical properties of light, such as the spectral quality, irradiance, intensity, and photoperiod, play an integral role in the morphogenesis, growth, and metabolism of many biochemical pathways in plants.To facilitate photosynthesis in controlled environments, light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) have been shown to offer interesting prospects for use in plant lighting designs in controlled-environment agriculture (greenhouses) and growth chambers for in vitro cultures. In high-technology greenhouses (for instance, vertical agriculture), artificial light may assume both assimilative (optimizing photosynthetic efficiency) and control functionality (guiding growth and development or the synthesis and accumulation of plant metabolites). In vitro cultures are regulated by different factors, and among them, light is the most important.