Advances in Ironmaking and Steelmaking Processes

• Other Authors: Cavaliere, Pasquale (Editor)
• Format: Electronic Book Chapter
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2023
• Subjects: Technology: general issues; History of engineering & technology; Materials science; electric arc furnace steelmaking; bottom-stirring; different smelting time; molten steel flow; numerical simulation; blast furnaces; silicon content; maximal overlap discrete wavelet packet; artificial neural network; forecasting; time series analysis; double slag converter steelmaking process; hot metal dephosphorization; dephosphorization endpoint temperature; dephosphorization ratio; phosphorus distribution ratio; optimum temperature of intermediate deslagging; coal injection; blast furnace; drop tube furnace; statistical correlation; production; ironmaking; bio-coals; carbonization; gasification; reactivity; dilatation; fluidity; water electrolysis; steelmaking; purification; desalinization; direct reduction; energy; renewables; high temperature; low temperature; mold width; flow field in mold; high-temperature measurement; surface velocity; direct reduced pellets; open slag bath furnace; slag; blast furnace pellets; hydrogen; decarbonization; steelworks gas valorization; methane synthesis; methanol synthesis; predictive control; carbon capture and usage; hydrogen enrichment; hydrogen metallurgy; hydrogen reduction of iron oxides; alternative ironmaking; smelting reduction; thermodynamic; n/a
• Online Access: DOAB: download the publication; DOAB: description of the publication

In recent years, ironmaking and steelmaking have witnessed the incorporation of various new processes and technologies that can be operated and organized in different combinations depending on the properties of raw materials and the required quality of the final products. Indications from the steel industry and local and global government institutions suggest that the breakthrough technologies for decarbonization will be based on new fuels and energy vectors. For CO2-lean process routes, three major solutions have been identified: decarbonizing, whereby coal would be replaced by hydrogen or electricity in the hydrogen reduction or electrolysis of iron ore processes; the introduction of CCS technology; and the use of sustainable biomass. Today, hydrogen-based steelmaking is a potential low-carbon and economically attractive route, especially in countries where natural gas is cheap. By considering systems for increasing energy efficiency and reducing the environmental impact of steel production, CO2 emissions may be greatly reduced by hydrogen-based steel production if hydrogen is generated by means of carbon-free and renewable sources. Currently, the development of the hydrogen economy has received a great deal of attention in that H2 is considered a promising alternative to replace fossil fuels. Based on hydrogen, the "hydrogen economy" is a promising clean energy carrier for decarbonized energy systems if the hydrogen used is produced from renewable energy sources or coupled with carbon capture and storage (CCS) or nuclear energy.