The Ins and Outs of miRNAs as Biomarkers

• Other Authors: Iacomino, Giuseppe (Editor), Lauria, Fabio (Editor)
• Format: Electronic Book Chapter
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2023
• Subjects: Research & information: general; Biology, life sciences; mi-RNA; physical exercise; gene expression; stress; head and neck cancer; miRNA; chemoresistance; protocol; systematic review; hazard ratio; patient survival; up-regulation; down-regulation; microRNA; circulating miRNA; theranostic biomarkers; chemosensitivity; melanoma; meta-analysis; miRNAs; microRNAs; liver neoplasms; angiogenesis; cancer biomarkers; transfection; qRT-PCR; plasma; amplification efficiency; EBV; LMP1; nasopharyngeal cells; expression profiling; chronic low-grade inflammation; inflammation-associated biomarkers; overweight and obesity; children/adolescents; sex-related associations; DNA copy number variation; comparative study; progenitor cells; amniotic fluid; leiomyoma; myometrium; divergent cell commitment; linear dysregulation; circulating microRNAs; extracellular miRNA; nasopharyngeal carcinoma; miRNA-based diagnosis; HNSCC; tumor-suppressor; miR-30e-5p; FOXD1; TCGA; cervical cancer; non-coding RNAs; diagnosis; prognosis; therapeutics; regulation of gene expression; alveolar epithelial type II cells; type II pneumocytes; ATII; AECII; flow cytometry; autofluorescence; pathway analysis; TGF-beta; homeostasis; EMT; RNA-based therapeutic; personalized medicine; translational medicine; breast cancer; diagnostics; therapy response; hepatitis C virus; liver injury; microRNA-192; microRNA-29a; HCV genotype-3
• Online Access: DOAB: download the publication; DOAB: description of the publication

miRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that control gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. It has been recognized that dysregulation of miRNAs reflects the state and function of cells and tissues, contributing to their dysfunction. The identification of hundreds of extracellular miRNAs in biological fluids has underscored their potential in the field of biomarker research. In addition, the therapeutic potential of miRNAs is receiving increasing attention in numerous conditions. On the other hand, many operational issues, including stability, delivery systems, and bioavailability, have yet to be resolved. In this dynamic field, biopharmaceutical companies are increasingly engaged, and ongoing clinical trials point to anti-miR and miR-mimic molecules as novel classes of molecules for upcoming therapeutic applications. This reprint aims to provide a broad overview of current knowledge on several outstanding issues and new opportunities offered by miRNAs in the treatment of diseases and as early diagnostic tools for next-generation medicine.