The Effect of Ocean Acidification on Skeletal Structures

• Other Authors: Westphal, Hildegard (Editor), Ries, Justin (Editor), Doo, Steve (Editor)
• Format: Electronic Book Chapter
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2023
• Subjects: Technology: general issues; History of engineering & technology; Environmental science, engineering & technology; biomineralization; calcification; Mytilus edulis; Mytilus trossulus; predator-prey interactions; coral reefs; coral recruits; skeletal structure; synchrotron phase contrast-enhanced microCT; PCE-CT; artificial intelligence; ocean acidification; n/a; ocean warming; echinoderm; starfish; mineralogy; skeleton; freshwater acidification; freshwater calcifier; carbon dioxide; Lake Tahoe; Caribbean; coral; pH regulation; boron isotopes; B/Ca; carbon isotopes; photosynthesis; bleaching; symbiont; microelectrode; global warming; calcifying fluid; scleractinian coral; zooxanthellate photosymbiont; phosphate; nutrient limitation; Archaean; Proterozoic; cyanobacteria; calcareous algae; coccolithophores
• Online Access: DOAB: download the publication; DOAB: description of the publication

The increasing partial pressure of atmospheric CO2 (pCO2) is reducing surface ocean pH, a process known as ocean acidification (OA) This results in a reduced saturation of the seawater with respect to the CaCO3 polymorphs aragonite, high-Mg calcite, and low-Mg calcite that are involved in the biological formation of calcareous skeletons and shells. The effect of OA on calcium carbonate precipitation and the subsequent dissolution in carbonate depositional systems, such as coral reefs, is a hotly debated topic. While early studies suggested that certain carbonate-secreting organism groups may be strongly affected by OA or may even become extinct, others observed highly variable, species-specific responses to OA, whereby some taxa are negatively affected, some are positively affected, and others are unaffected. The collection of articles presented in this Special Issue presents ongoing research into the effects of OA on calcareous biomineralization while introducing some new questions and provocative hypotheses. The continued investigation of these concepts should advance our understanding of the mechanisms of biocalcification and improve predictions of how future CO2-induced changes in marine and freshwater systems will impact calcifying organisms, as well as the ecosystems they comprise, in the decades and centuries ahead.