Mathematical and Molecular Topology

• Other Authors: JÄNTSCHI, Lorentz (Editor), Tomescu, Mihaela (Editor)
• Format: Electronic Book Chapter
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2023
• Subjects: Information technology industries; Computer science; closure space; canonically closed; weakly normal; almost normal; π-normal; weakly π-normal; κ-normal; local convergence; nonlinear equations; Banach space; Fréchet-derivative; Gaussian; optimization; geometry; molecular modeling; amino acids; maximum clique; protein graphs; machine learning; ProBiS; entropies via various molecular descriptors; H3BO3 layer structure; subdivision of H3BO3; line graph of H3BO3
• Online Access: DOAB: download the publication; DOAB: description of the publication

This Special Issue, "Mathematical and Molecular Topology" welcomed papers from a broad interdisciplinary area, since topology is concerned with the properties of objects that are preserved under continuous deformations, such as stretching, twisting, crumpling and bending. One of the oldest problems in topology is The Seven Bridges of Königsberg. Topology naturally finds application in all fields of engineering, physical sciences, life sciences, social sciences, medicine, business and even arts. The motivating insight behind topology is that some geometric problems depend not on the exact shape of the objects involved, but rather on the way they are put together. Circa 1750, Euler stated the polyhedron formula, V − E + F = 2 (where V, E, and F respectively indicate the number of vertices, edges, and faces of the polyhedron), which may be regarded as the first theorem, signaling the birth of topology. Subjects included in topology are graph theory and algebraic topology.