Updates on Molecular Targeted Therapies for CNS Tumors

• Other Authors: Pan, Edward (Editor)
• Format: Electronic Book Chapter
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2023
• Subjects: Medicine; Oncology; glioblastoma molecular classification; ERK/MAPK pathway; PI3K/PTEN pathway; receptor tyrosine kinase; EGFR; PDGFRA; FGFR3; MET; EPHB2; NF1; immunotherapy; glioblastoma; blood-brain barrier; central nervous system; T cells; T lymphocytes; PCNSL; CNS lymphoma; methotrexate; novel therapies; novel therapeutics; neurofibromatosis; low grade glioma; plexiform neurofibroma; vestibular schwannoma; glioma; tumor mutation burden; neoantigen; immune score; germline mutation; antigen processing and presentation; ependymoma; subependymoma; RELA; YAP1; ZFTA; PFA; PFB; MYCN; Group A; Group B; myxopapillary; targeted therapy; diffuse midline gliomas; molecular targets; potential therapy development; intraparenchymal metastases; CNS disease; metastatic disease; tyrosine kinase inhibitors; monoclonal antibodies; Warburg effect; mass spectrometry; isotope labeling; cancer metabolism; pediatric brain tumor; adenosine; tumor microenvironment; A2AAR antagonist; immune evasion; adenosine receptors; bevacizumab; temozolomide; progression; biomarker; neoplastic; meningitis; leptomeningeal; chemotherapy; radiotherapy; intrathecal; GBM; U87MG; A172; Metformin; LPS; antioxidant; cell cycle arrest; apoptosis; low-grade glioma; preclinical models; IDH-mutant glioma; patient avatars; methylation; methylomics; G-CIMP; MGMT; DNMT; ATRX; H3K27M; CpG island; tumor suppressor; methyltransferases; histone acetylation; brain tumor; brain metastasis; lung cancer; lung malignancy; progression-free survival; epidermal growth factor receptor; lung carcinoma; molecular therapy; whole-brain radiation therapy; stereotactic radiosurgery; KIF11; n/a
• Online Access: DOAB: download the publication; DOAB: description of the publication

The challenges in identifying effective therapies for CNS tumors continue to be daunting. Potentially effective targeted therapies must be able to penetrate the blood-brain barrier to reach the tumor and, in sufficient concentrations, to result in meaningful treatment responses. Moreover, molecular targets must be key drivers in the growth and progression of CNS tumors. Numerous potentially efficacious therapies have failed in randomized clinical trials due to other factors, including subclonal genetic intratumoral heterogeneity (particularly within malignant gliomas), epigenetic heterogeneity, and failure to target important factors involved in the tumor microenvironment. Developing effective targeted therapies requires a thorough fundamental understanding of the genetic and epigenetic factors driving tumor progression, the interactions between CNS tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment, and the key mechanisms of tumor treatment resistance. In this Special Issue, experts in the field of CNS tumors will highlight the most promising molecular targets in the development of treatments for patients with CNS tumors.