Ironmaking and Steelmaking

Steel is a critical material in our societies and will remain an important one for a long time into the future. In the last two decades, the world steel industry has gone through drastic changes and this is predicted to continue in the future. The Asian countries (e.g. China, India) have been domina...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Li, Zushu (auth)
Other Authors:	Davis, Claire (auth)
Format:	Electronic Book Chapter
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2019
Subjects:	artificial neural network n/a corrosion inclusion control steel-making simulation liquid steel phosphate capacity slag hydrogen TG analysis surface roughness iron sulfate shot peening refining kinetics iso-conversional method oxygen blast furnace Barkhausen noise gas flow rate ductile cast iron toughness self-reduction briquette Mg deoxidation phosphorus distribution ratio iron oxides phase analysis desiliconisation solid flow CaO/Al2O3 ratio surface depression carbothermal reduction rotary hearth furnace torrefied biomass hot metal pre-treatment inclusions microwaves ironmaking reactivity CaO-based slags high-aluminum iron ore oxides HPSR internal crack fluorapatite crystallization rate COREX liquid area Al addition Wilcox-Swailes coefficient plasma arc evaluation of coupling relationship penetration theory silicate crystals ionization degree pellet size prediction model continuous casting direct element method modified NPL model slag film volatile matter crystallite size Al-TRIP steel viscosity anosovite crystals slag formation CO2 emissions integrated steel plant flow pattern high-heat-input welding dephosphorisation copper stave direct reduction shrinkage Cr recovery chemical composition high speed steel material flow 33MnCrTiB gas-based reduction converter bio-coal flat steel sulfur distribution ratio cold experiment secondary refining process re-oxidation vaporization dephosphorization sulfide capacity electroslag cladding hydrogen attack oxygen steelmaking non-metallic inclusions cracks non-contact measurement energy consumption high-manganese iron ore non-metallic inclusion Ca deoxidation Ca-treatment compressive strength (CS) oil-pipeline steel thermal treatment carbon monoxide composite roll crystallization behaviors devolatilization carbon-saturated iron steelmaking factory slag crust combustion high heat input welding ore-carbon briquette activation energy flow velocity kinetics hydrogen plasma casting speed solid and gaseous oxygen hercynite low fluorine iron ore pellets fayalite heat-affected zone CO-CO2 atmosphere and nitrogen smelting reduction high-phosphorus iron ore iron oxide mold flux BaO intragranular acicular ferrite carbon composite pellet electrolytic extraction iron ore carbon dioxide agglomerate vanadium titano-magnetite emission spectrum static process model concentrate structure titanium slag bonding interface fork blast furnace reaction mechanism reduction synergistic reduction injection principal component analysis ultrafine particles exposure
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