Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) in Health and Disease

• Main Author: Shiina, Takashi (auth)
• Other Authors: Dijkstra, Johannes M. (auth), Kulski, Jerzy K. (auth)
• Format: Electronic Book Chapter
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2020
• Subjects: Biology, life sciences; HCP5; n/a; camels; MHC; STK19; major histocompatibility complex; human papillomavirus (HPV); T-cell receptor; T1DGC; bottleneck; micro-mini-pigs; life history; computational analysis; hepatocellular carcinoma; phase; Bactrian camel; NSDK; melanoma; antigen; autoimmune disease; RD; selection; disease resistance; autoimmunity; ancestral haplotype; Ski complex; DXO; high-throughput sequencing; conservation genetics; SVA; lncRNA; ankylosing spondylitis; MHC genes; viral peptides; competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA); astrogliosis; birds; long-fragment super haplotype; SNP; RLR; HLA polymorphism; 5??3? RNA decay; expression; 3??5? mRNA turnover; orthology; long-read sequencing; disease association; dromedary; polyomavirus; MHC-II-associated sperm-egg recognition; experimental medicine; single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP); fish; SKIV2L; production trait; molecular dynamics simulation; Macaca fascicularis; human endogenous retrovirus (HERV); concerted evolution; polymorphism; Old World camels; MHC polymorphism; protocol; nonclassical; gene duplication; microglial reaction; human leukocyte antigen-E; SKI2W; quantitative trait loci (QTL) studies; antiviral immunity; human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); founder effect; giant panda; domain movements; BK virus; promoter-proximal transcriptional pause; type 1 diabetes (T1D); RP1; miR1236; KIR; synaptic covering; swine leukocyte antigen; cynomolgus macaque; HLA; kidney transplantation; ?2m knockout mice; DOM3Z; interferon ?; ethnic populations in China; ecology; KIR-HLA pairs; exosomes; major histocompatibility complex (MHC); MHC-I-based mother-fetus recognition; RNA quality control; autoimmune diseases; NELF-E; haplotype; genetic drift; evolution; nonhuman primate models; HLA-B27; PNS/CNS interface; risk genes; pedigree; MHC-I- and MHC-II-dependent inter-individual recognition; regulation; crested ibis; reproductive performance; nephropathy; cancer; nuclear kinase; trichohepatoenteric syndrome
• Online Access: DOAB: download the publication; DOAB: description of the publication

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a highly polymorphic and diverse multigene locus in all jawed vertebrate species that has an integral role in adaptive/innate immune systems, transplantation, and infectious and autoimmune diseases. The MHC supra-locus in mammalian vertebrates is usually partitioned into three distinct regions, known as classes I, II, and III, which, to varying extents, can be found conserved in nonmammalian jawed vertebrates, such as bony fish, amphibians, and bird lineages. The MHC gene region is characterized particularly by the expression of class I and class II glycoproteins that bind peptides derived from intracellular or extracellular antigens to circulating T-cells. While this expressed antigenic specificity remains the predominant interest with respect to MHC function and polymorphism in a population, a broader concept has emerged that examines the MHC as a multifunctional polymorphic controller that facilitates and regulates genome diversity with a much greater array of functions and effects than just MHC-restricted antigen recognition. This volume of 19 reprints presented by various experts and collected from the Special Issue of Cells on "MHC in Health and Disease" covers a broad range of topics on the genomic diversity of the MHC regulatory system in various vertebrate species, including MHC class I, II, and III genes; innate and adaptive immunity; neurology; transplantation; haplotypes; infectious and autoimmune diseases; fecundity; conservation; allelic lineages; and evolution. Taken together, these articles demonstrate the immense complexity and diversity of the MHC structure and function within and between different vertebrate species.