Quantum Information and Foundations

• Main Author: D'Ariano, Giacomo Mauro (auth)
• Other Authors: Perinotti, Paolo (auth)
• Format: Electronic Book Chapter
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2020
• Subjects: quantum walks; continuous-variable systems; incompatible frameworks; X-rays; path summation; characterization of unitary group and state spaces; X-ray spectroscopy; qubit pair; entangled pure state; exchange coupling; independence of random quantum sources; Gaussian states; complementarity; causal sets; Thirring model; probabilities in quantum measurements; quantum computation; limited information; silicon drift detector; consistent histories; complexity classes; commuting subalgebras; entanglement; quantum foundations; Hubbard model; measurement uncertainty relations; Jordan algebras; quantum gravity; the measurement problem; generalised probabilistic theories; quantum measurements; conservation of information; relative entropy; adiabatic quantum computing; reconstruction of quantum theory; quantum control; sampling-based learning control (SLC); single framework rule; probability theory; inference; purity; entropy; macroscopic quantum measurement; purification; quantum annealing; Wigner-friend experiment; Shannon information; underground experiment; no-go theorem; entropic gravity; group representations; quantum non-locality; higher-order interference; causality; blind source separation (BSS); multipartite entanglement; Hadamard matrix; quantum theory and gravity; conjugate systems; classical context; classical limit; agent; subsystem; interpretations of quantum mechanics; collapse models; quantum measurement; quantum mechanics; binary optimization; algebraic quantum theory; gelfand duality; bohrification; Fermion; quantum information; unentanglement criterion; semiclassical physics; relativity; Pauli exclusion principle; position; physical computing models; braid group; reconstruction of quantum mechanics; C*-algebra; Euclidean Jordan algebras; quantum correlations; percolation; conserved informational charges; quantum estimation; monogamy; hard problems; iterant; process theory; Gaussian unitary operations; momentum; matrix algebra; cluster states; quantum genetic algorithm; discrete spacetime; quantum relative entropy; Dirac equation; Clifford algebra
• Online Access: DOAB: download the publication; DOAB: description of the publication

Quantum information has dramatically changed information science and technology, looking at the quantum nature of the information carrier as a resource for building new information protocols, designing radically new communication and computation algorithms, and ultra-sensitive measurements in metrology, with a wealth of applications. From a fundamental perspective, this new discipline has led us to regard quantum theory itself as a special theory of information, and has opened routes for exploring solutions to the tension with general relativity, based, for example, on the holographic principle, on non-causal variations of the theory, or else on the powerful algorithm of the quantum cellular automaton, which has revealed new routes for exploring quantum fields theory, both as a new microscopic mechanism on the fundamental side, and as a tool for efficient physical quantum simulations for practical purposes. In this golden age of foundations, an astonishing number of new ideas, frameworks, and results, spawned by the quantum information theory experience, have revolutionized the way we think about the subject, with a new research community emerging worldwide, including scientists from computer science and mathematics.