Optical Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring

• Other Authors: Antunes, Paulo (Editor), Varum, Humberto (Editor)
• Format: Electronic Book Chapter
• Language: English
• Published: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2021
• Subjects: History of engineering & technology; image-based measurement; crack measurement; shear cracks; flexural cracks; damage index; nuclear power plant; visual inspection; photometric stereo; 3D reconstruction; rotating stall; non-synchronous blade vibration; blade tip timing; centrifugal compressor; distributed measurements; fiber optic sensors; scour; soil-structure interaction; winkler model; equivalent length; corrosion sensor; oil and gas pipelines; optical fibers; Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG); distributed optical fiber strain sensing cable; Brillouin scattering; Rayleigh scattering; strain sensing cable characterization; elasto-plastic behavior; strain sensitivity coefficients; bridge damage detection; fiber optic gyroscope; deep learning; convolutional neural network; Fiber Bragg grating; fiber optic sensors embedded in concrete; strain measurement; monitoring; cracking; weldable fiber optic sensors; optical fiber sensors; material extrusion; hybrid processes; temperature and strain monitoring; similarity measure; subway tunnel; distributed vibration; feature extraction; autoencoder; ultra-weak FBG; hyperspectral imaging; spectral indices; random forest; growth stage; Fusarium head blight; structural health monitoring; load localization; load estimation; depth sensor; artificial neural networks; castigliano's theorem; crack detection; crack opening; distributed fiber optic sensors; DIC; UHPFRC; testing; SHM; microcracking; PAD; environmental monitoring; colorimetric detection; water; atmosphere
• Online Access: DOAB: download the publication; DOAB: description of the publication

The evolution and need for the preservation and maintenance of existing structures, recent or historical, has fostered research in the area of structural monitoring, translated into the development of new techniques, equipment and sensors. Early detection of damage and accurate assessment of structural safety requires monitoring systems, the data from which can be used to calibrate numerical models for structural analysis and to assess safety. Data are obtained under real-time conditions, considering a group of parameters related to structural properties, such as stresses, accelerations, deformations and displacements. The analysis of structural properties is particularly relevant when the structure is subjected to extreme events (earthquakes, wind, fire and explosions, among others) or repeated loads (road/rail/air traffic, vibrations induced by equipment and machines), since they affect the structural integrity and put the users at risk. In order to prevent the severe damage and eventual collapse of structures, and consequent human, material and economic losses, the implementation of monitoring systems becomes a valuable tool for today's society. Monitoring of structures is becoming increasingly important, not only as preventive action, but also due to actual economic and sustainability concerns, to ensure a safer and more comfortable built environment.