Dietary Plant Origin Bio-Active Compounds, Intestinal Functionality and Microbiome

• Other Authors: Tako, Elad (Editor)
• Format: Electronic Book Chapter
• Language: English
• Published: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2020
• Subjects: Research & information: general; Biology, life sciences; Food & society; intra amniotic (in ovo) administration; zinc gene expression; iron gene expression; brush border membrane functional genes; intestinal bacterial populations; villus surface area; cichoric acid; metal complexes; cytotoxicity; cancer; bacterial strains; fungi; human cell culture; lactic acid bacteria; probiotic; acrylamide; viability; flow cytometry; mesotrione; traumatic acid; breast cancer; herbicide; antioxidant; oxidative stress; bifidobacteria; colon; fermentation; microbiota; prebiotic; SHIME®; artichoke; intestinal microbiota; vegetable drink; beneficial microorganisms; cereal; legume; pseudocereal; fruit; synbiotic; microbiome; SCFA; pectin; rhamnogalacturonan; transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER); pea; phytate; iron; bioavailability; bio active compound; in vivo; Gallus gallus; brush border membrane; oats; celiac disease; non-celiac gluten sensitivity; gluten-free; SCFAs; teff; staple food crops; prebiotics; probiotics; iron deficiency; zinc deficiency; gut microbiota; intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR); fructose; dexamethasone; intestinal gluconeogenesis; plant origin; bio-active compounds; intestine
• Online Access: DOAB: download the publication; DOAB: description of the publication

Plant-based diets contain a plethora of metabolites that may impact on health and disease prevention. Most are focused on the potential bioactivity and nutritional relevance of several classes of phytochemicals, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, phyto-oestrogens, and frucrooligo-saccharides. These compounds are found in fruit, vegetables, and herbs. Daily intakes of some of these compounds may exceed 100 mg. Moreover, intestinal bacterial activity may transform complex compounds such as anthocyanins, procyanidins, and isoflavones into simple phenolic metabolites. The colon is thus a rich source of potentially active phenolic acids that may impact both locally and systemically on gut health. Further, nondigestible fiber (prebiotics) are dietary substrates that selectively promote proliferation and/or activity of health-promoting bacterial populations in the colon. Prebiotics, such as inulin, raffinose, and stachyose, have a proven ability to promote the abundance of intestinal bacterial populations, which may provide additional health benefits to the host. Further, various pulse seed soluble (fiber) extracts are responsible for improving gastrointestinal motility, intestinal functionality and morphology, and mineral absorption. Studies indicated that the consumption of seed origin soluble extracts can upregulate the expression of BBM proteins that contribute for digestion and absorption of nutrients.