The Role of Metal Ions in Biology, Biochemistry and Medicine

• Other Authors: Moustakas, Michael (Editor)
• Format: Electronic Book Chapter
• Language: English
• Published: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2021
• Subjects: Research & information: general; aluminium; chlorophyll fluorescence; durum wheat; excitation pressure; non-photochemical quenching; photosynthesis; photoprotection; photoinhibition; reactive oxygen species; triticale; Cd toxicity; detoxification mechanism; photochemical quenching; photosynthetic heterogeneity; photoprotective mechanism; phytoremediation; plastoquinone pool; redox state; spatiotemporal variation; mercury; biosorption; dead cells; Lysinibacillus sphaericus; dithizone; GF-AAS; EDS-SEM; adaptive response; hormetic response; hydrogen peroxide; marine angiosperms; reactive oxygen species (ROS); zinc oxide nanoparticles; titanium dioxide; nanoparticles; solubility; toxicity; skin; safety; bimetallic nanoparticles; mature leaves; spatiotemporal heterogeneity; young leaves; osteoblasts; corrosion; ions; particles; osteolysis; inflammation; bioimaging; clary sage; effective quantum yield (ΦPSΙΙ); non-photochemical quenching (NPQ); photochemical quenching (qp); singlet oxygen (1O2); aseptic loosening; metal ions; monocytes; macrophages; 5-caffeoylquinic acid; chlorogenic acid; zinc; plant phenolic compounds; oxidative stress; n/a
• Online Access: DOAB: download the publication; DOAB: description of the publication

Metal ions are fundamental elements for the maintenance of the lifespan of plants, animals and humans. Their substantial role in biological systems was recognized a long time ago. They are essential for the maintenance of life and their absence can cause growth disorders, severe malfunction, carcinogenesis or death. They are protagonists as macro- or microelements in several structural and functional roles, participating in many bio-chemical reactions, and arise in several forms. They participate in intra- and intercellular communications, in maintaining electrical charges and osmotic pressure, in photosynthesis and electron transfer processes, in the maintenance of pairing, stacking and the stability of nucleotide bases and also in the regulation of DNA transcription. They contribute to the proper functioning of nerve cells, muscle cells, the brain and the heart, the transport of oxygen and to many other biological processes up to the point that we cannot even imagine a life without metals. In this book, the papers published in the Special Issue "The Role of Metal Ions in Biology, Biochemistry and Medicine" are summarized, providing a picture of metal ion uses in biology, biochemistry and medicine, but also pointing out the toxicity impacts on plants, animals, humans and the environment.