Research on Cosmic Rays and Their Impact on Human Activities

• Other Authors: Sparvoli, Roberta (Editor), Martucci, Matteo (Editor)
• Format: Electronic Book Chapter
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2022
• Subjects: Research & information: general; Mathematics & science; cosmic rays; Extensive Air Showers; particle detectors; Cosmic Ray Ensembles; ionosphere; ELF/VLF waves; energetic electron precipitations; storm-time feature; CSES; trapped particles; South Atlantic Anomaly; AE9/AP9/SPM models; radiation belts; Poisson data; time series; quasi-Gaussian filter; digital filtering; optimization; global minimization; annealing simulation algorithm; space weather; geomagnetic storms; LEO satellites; digital gamma-rays spectrometer; cosmic veto; active shield; muons; muon flux periodicity; atmospheric neutrons; radiation dose; passengers and flight crew; ultrathin calorimeter; direct measurements; energy reconstruction; PAMELA; shower development universality; cosmic ray physics; multi-messenger astrophysics; extensive air showers; n/a
• Online Access: DOAB: download the publication; DOAB: description of the publication

The galactic cosmic-ray spectrum extends over 14 orders of magnitudes in energy and about 12 orders of magnitude in intensity, and it can be studied using two different methods: via the "direct detection" of the primary cosmic rays in space or at high altitude and via the "indirect de...