Hospital Acquired Infections, Multidrug Resistant (MDR) Bacteria, Alternative Approaches to Antibiotic Therapy

• Other Authors: Bostik, Pavel (Editor), Kolar, Milan (Editor)
• Format: Electronic Book Chapter
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2022
• Subjects: Medicine; Epidemiology & medical statistics; VRE; GIT; hemato-oncological patients; clonality; antibiotic stewardship; resistance; consumption of antibiotics; clonal spread; Enterococcus faecium; Enterococcus faecalis; linezolid resistance; 23S rRNA; optrA; carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae; carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii; N-acetylcysteine; septic shock; critically ill patients; newborn; infection; bacteria; antibiotic therapy; hops; C. difficile; rat model; Staphylococcus aureus; MRSA; spa typing; MLST; SCCmec typing; clonal analysis; epidemiology; cancer patients; duration of treatment; colistin; propensity score analysis; multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii; urinary tract infections; UTIs; MDR; Escherichia coli; Klebsiella; uropathogens; AMR; antibiotic resistance; ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae; urinary tract infection; clinical impact; economic impact; ventilator-associated pneumonia; Klebsiella spp.; Escherichia spp.; pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE); endogenous infection; methicillin-resistant; porcine model; methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA); long term care facilities (LTCF); multidrug resistance (MDR); enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR); ESBL; PCR; primer; antimicrobial resistance; infection prevention and control; antimicrobial stewardship; hospital; cluster analysis; principal component analysis
• Online Access: DOAB: download the publication; DOAB: description of the publication

Bacterial resistance to known and currently used antibiotics represents a growing issue worldwide. It poses a major problem in the treatment of infectious diseases in general and hospital-acquired infections in particular. This is in part due to the overuse and misuse of antibiotics in past decades, which led to the selection of highly resistant bacteria and even so-called superbugs - multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Nosocomial infections, particularly, are often caused by MDR bacterial pathogens and the treatment of such infections is very complicated and extensive, often leading to various side effects, including adverse effects on the natural human microbiome. At the same time, the development of novel antibiotics is lagging with very few new ones in the pipeline. Finding viable alternatives to treat such infections may help to overcome these therapeutic issues. This publication brings novel developments in the field of bacterial resistance, mainly in the hospital settings, adequate antibiotic therapy, and identification of compounds useful to battle this growing issue.