Intraocular Pressure and Ocular Hypertension

• Other Authors: Brusini, Paolo (Editor), Salvetat, Maria Letizia (Editor), Zeppieri, Marco (Editor)
• Format: Electronic Book Chapter
• Language: English
• Published: Basel 2022
• Subjects: Medicine; intraocular pressure; serum calcium; female; ab interno trabeculotomy; glaucoma; incision in the Schlemm's canal in degrees; post-surgical complication; neuroretinal rim reversal; Bruch's membrane opening-minimum rim width; trabeculectomy; refractive error; neuroretina; myopia; intraocular pressure (IOP); tonometry; Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT); central corneal thickness (CCT); ocular hypertension; higher-order aberrations; Kahook Dual Blade; age; central corneal thickness; Goldmann Applanation tonometer; non-contact tonometer; rebound tonometer; iCare; open angle glaucoma (OAG); Schlemm's canal viscodilation; OMNI viscosurgical system; minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries (MIGS); trabeculotomy; cataract extraction; aqueous humor; GDF15; serum; intravitreal injection; anti-VEGF agents; trabecular meshwork; Matrigel; 3D culture; outflow; cytoskeleton; rho-kinase inhibitor; prostaglandin analog; childhood glaucoma; aphakia; pseudophakia; cataract surgery; lensectomy; management (or therapy); glaucoma drainage device; cyclodestruction; corneal biomechanics; ocular response analyzer; ORA; corneal hysteresis; non-penetrating deep sclerectomy; Esnoper V-2000 implant; glucocorticoids; safety profile; intranasal administration; inhaled administration; systemic administration; steroid response; canaloplasty; non-perforating surgical procedures; pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEXG); Schlemm's canal; phase-sensitive optical coherent tomography; pulsatile motion; IOP fluctuation; primary open-angle glaucoma; intraocular pressure measurement; iCare tonometry; Perkins tonometry; standardized anaesthesia; corneal thickness; progression; risk stratification; XEN GelStent; corneal resistance factor; open-angle glaucoma; n/a; laser treatment; dropless treatment; thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy; extraocular muscle; magnetic resonance imaging; T2 relaxation time
• Online Access: DOAB: download the publication; DOAB: description of the publication

Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a multi-factorial progressive optic neuropathy characterized by retinal ganglion cell degeneration and progressive visual field loss which, if left untreated, may lead to blindness. Increased intraocular pressure (IOP) is considered to be the main risk factor for developing POAG, and its reduction has been shown to correlate with a decrease in glaucoma incidence and progression. Considering that fewer than 10% of the subjects with ocular hypertension (OHT) will develop morphological and/or functional glaucomatous damage within 5 years if not treated, glaucoma causes and molecular changes leading to ocular tissue damage in glaucoma are still largely unknown. The contemporary treatment of POAG is mainly oriented towards reducing IOP; the importance of the IOP reduction in other types of glaucoma, such as the "normal pressure glaucoma", is still discussed. The IOP value is maintained by balancing the amount of fluid contained within the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye; our comprehension of the mechanisms underlying the secretion and active and passive outflow of the aqueous humor is extremely important for improving the treatment of glaucoma. Innovative pharmacological approaches, and laser and surgical procedures aiming to reduce IOP, have been developed in recent years. This book provides a compendium of topics regarding IOP, aqueous humor dynamics, tonometry, and medical and surgical techniques developed to reduce the IOP in subjects with ocular hypertension or glaucoma.