A Commemorative Issue in Honor of Centennial of the Discovery of Vitamin D-The Central Role of Vitamin D in Physiology

• Other Authors: Carlberg, Carsten (Editor)
• Format: Electronic Book Chapter
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2023
• Subjects: Medicine; Physiology; vitamin D; VDR; target genes; chromatin; epigenome; transcriptome; vitamin D signaling; 25-hydroxyvitamin D; 1,25-(OH)2D3; antitumor action; breast cancer; case-control studies; colorectal cancer; cohort studies; ecological studies; epidemiological studies; randomized controlled trials; UVB; vitamin D receptor; 3D structure; structural analysis; molecular recognition; protein-ligand interactions; coregulators; acute myeloid leukemia; blast; 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D; analogs; all-trans-retinoic acid; differentiation; immunomodulation; evolution; energy metabolism; immune system; calcium homeostasis; migration of Homo sapiens; influenza; SARS-CoV-2; lung; inflammation; infantile hypercalcemia type 1; idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia; CYP24A1; 25-hydroxyvitamin D 24-hydroxylase; hypercalcemia; 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3; fracture repair; diet; transcellular; absorption; diffusion; intestine; homeostasis; parathyroid hormone; gestational diabetes; preeclampsia; preterm birth; ovarian cancer; vitamin D analogs; vitamin D deficiency; single high dose; vitamin D3 supplementation; proinflammatory cytokines; IL6; IL8; TNF; 25(OH)D3; brain; development; neuroprotection; disease mechanisms; genetic risk; heritability; personalized supplementation; genome-wide association study; Mendelian randomization; lumisterol; anti-inflammatory; ACE2; Mpro; RdRp; month of birth; muscle; pregnancy; older adults; metabolites; hybrids and VDR nonsecosteroidal ligands; nongenomic response; PDIA3; ultraviolet radiation; megalin; mitochondria; vitamin D metabolism; fibroblast growth factor-23; klotho; 1α-hydroxylase; RAAS; systems biology; cell differentiation; prostate cancer; n/a; bone; osteoblasts; differentiation and mineralization; McCollum; sunlight; rickets; food fortification; vitamin D2; vitamin D3; COVID-19
• Online Access: DOAB: download the publication; DOAB: description of the publication

This reprint is about vitamin D, a molecule that can be absorbed from certain foods, such as fatty fish, which can also be produced endogenously when we expose our skin to sufficient doses of ultraviolet B radiation. When vitamin D is metabolized into 1,25(OH)2D3 (also called calcitriol), it acts as a high-affinity ligand for the transcription factor VDR, i.e., it has direct effects on gene regulation. The key physiological functions of vitamin D are the regulation of calcium homeostasis, which is essential for bone mineralization, and the modulation of the immune system by stimulating innate immunity and preventing overreactions of adaptive immunity. This reprint presents recent developments and the latest research in the fascinating broad range of today's vitamin D biology, from evolution to systems biology.