The Role of Fungi in Biodeterioration of Cultural Heritage: New Insights for Their Control

• Other Authors: De Leo, Filomena (Editor), Isola, Daniela (Editor)
• Format: Electronic Book Chapter
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2023
• Subjects: Research & information: general; Biology, life sciences; Microbiology (non-medical); fungi; ex situ collection; biodeterioration; biodegradation; cultural heritage; glass corrosion; optical instruments; fungal community; Aspergillus; Penicillium; light transmission; aerobiology; airborne fungi; Parengyodontium; entomopathogenic fungi; materials; essential oils; antifungal; inhibitory effects; galvanic cells; GALVI technology; Zn; Bi; Cu; antimicrobial technology; two-phase media; Serpula lacrymans; wood; FTIR; identification; benzalkonium chloride resistance; biodeterioration control; Exophiala; halophilic fungi; fungal acid production; Knufia; monuments salt weathering; QAC biocides; Salinomyces thailandicus; marble XRD; MIP investigations; frescoes deterioration; fungal diversity; fungal ecology; hypogean conservation; mural paintings biodeterioration; subterranean cultural heritage deterioration; wall paintings conservation; stone cultural heritage; black fungi; MCF; control; n/a
• Online Access: DOAB: download the publication; DOAB: description of the publication

This reprint focuses on fungi as they are considered one of the most harmful organisms, endangering the conservation of historical and artistic heritage worldwide. Fungi are a large group of organisms occupying many ecological niches, even those considered extreme, due to their ability to cope with many environmental factors and to feed on all organic materials, even those considered toxic. For these reasons, the conservation of artefacts of historical or artistic value must consider information on fungal diversity, ecology, and the methods of controlling or limiting their destructive action. Biocides have been used for decades as the method of choice to stop or mitigate fungal spreading when preventive measures fail. Recently, more attention has been paid to alternative control methods that are more respectful of the operator and the environment. Due to the wide range of materials used throughout history, and the microclimatic conditions to which they are subjected worldwide, more efforts are needed to cover this knowledge gap and set more sustainable protocols.