Nutritional Support for Chronic Disease

• Other Authors: Gropper, Sareen (Editor)
• Format: Electronic Book Chapter
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute 2023
• Subjects: Medicine; renin; arachidonic acid; juxtaglomerular cells; granular cells; nucleus; lamin; actin-myosin; afferent; dairy foods; cheese; yogurt; cardiovascular disease; cardiovascular risk factors; vitamin D; recurrent stroke; 25-hydroxyvitamin; stroke prevention; nutraceuticals; age-related macular degeneration; mitochondrial biogenesis; Sirt1; AMPK; Nrf2; ferulic acid; melatonin; berberine; astaxanthin; weight gain; NAFLD; population attributable fraction; lipopolysaccharides (LPS); gut permeability; zonulin; Glucagon-like peptide1(GLP1); extra virgin olive oil (EVOO); oleuropein; Impaired fasting glucose (IFG); nutrient supplementation; nutrition education; diabetes; diabetic foot ulcer; chronic wounds; pro-inflammatory cytokines; anti-inflammatory cytokines; nutrition intervention; inflammation; wound healing; cytokines; CRP; IL6; IL10; tristetraprolin; TTP; gut microbiota; habitual diet; 16S rRNA gene sequencing; Chinese; adults; plant-based diets; plant food quality; type 2 diabetes; prospective study; Asian; gut metabolites; gut microbiome; metabolic syndrome; obesity; probiotics; synbiotics; prediabetes; oral nutritional supplement; enteral nutrition; morphofunctional assessment; ketogenic diet; neurological diseases; epilepsy; Alzheimer's disease (AD); Parkinson's disease (PD); multiple sclerosis (MS); migraine; brain; neurone; neuroinflammation; ketone bodies; ketogenic; neurotransmitters; neuroplasticity; treatment; prevention; inflammatory; anti-inflammatory; low carb; high fat; nutrition; ketosis; diabetes mellitus; type 1 diabetes mellitus; type 2 diabetes mellitus; glycaemia; glycated hemoglobin; HbA1c; HOMA-IR; chronic diseases; lipid profile; lipidaemia; prophylaxis; nutrition recommendation; dietary patterns; carbohydrates; PRISMA; Cochrane; n/a
• Online Access: DOAB: download the publication; DOAB: description of the publication

Diet contributes to the development of many chronic conditions including obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, stroke, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, some cancers, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and potentially some neurological diseases. This reprint addresses associations between diet (and specific nutrients including vitamin D) and various chronic diseases including obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, stroke, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, neurological conditions, and age-related macular degeneration. More specifically, the impacts of plant-based diets, dairy products, and ketogenic diets are explored in relation to chronic disease risk as well as some benefits of the consumption of oral nutritional supplements in the prevention of malnutrition and sarcopenia and in the treatment of wounds in individuals with diabetes. Additional topics that are covered include some roles of the fatty acid arachidonic acid in the body and the impact of cellular mitochondrial dysfunction on the progression of age-related macular degeneration. The effectiveness of a variety of nutraceuticals is covered as a means for the prevention or treatment of age-related macular degeneration. Lastly, the use of olive oil in reducing gut permeability in those with pre-diabetes is addressed, as well as the complex relationships of diet/food and of disease (metabolic syndrome) with the gut microbiota.