Prevalence, Antibiotic Resistance, Toxin-Typing and Genotyping of <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> in Raw Beef Meats Obtained from Qazvin City, Iran
Background: <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> is one of the highest prevailing spore-forming foodborne pathogens, which is widely distributed and causes severe disease and outbreaks in humans and animals. Raw meat and poultry are the main vehicles of this pathogen. In this study, we investi...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Book |
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MDPI AG,
2022-03-01T00:00:00Z.
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| Summary: | Background: <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> is one of the highest prevailing spore-forming foodborne pathogens, which is widely distributed and causes severe disease and outbreaks in humans and animals. Raw meat and poultry are the main vehicles of this pathogen. In this study, we investigated the prevalence, antibiotic resistance pattern, toxin-encoding genes and genetic diversity of <i>C. perfringens</i> isolates from raw whole and minced meat samples purchased from local markets in Qazvin city, Iran (the source of beef cattle production was also located in Qazvin city, Iran). Methods: We used conventional culture-based and Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion and conventional and arbitrary primer PCR methods. Results: A total of 18 <i>C. perfringens</i> strains were isolated from 133 raw meat samples (13.53%). Up to 44.4 and 55.5% of these isolates were detected in raw minced and whole meat samples, respectively. We found that 72.2, 66.6, 61.1, 37.8 and 33.3% of the <i>C. perfringens</i> isolates were resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol antibiotics, respectively. Multidrug resistance was found in 38% of the isolates. Among the four main toxin genes evaluated, the <i>Cpa</i> gene was detected in all isolates, and 61.1% of the isolates were mostly recognized as type A <i>C. perfringens</i>. High levels of genetic diversity were observed among the isolates, and they were classified into five distinct groups. Conclusions: The isolates from whole meat samples were more resistant to antibiotics. However, toxin genes were more detected in the isolates from minced meat samples. Our findings suggest that contamination of raw meat products with multidrug resistant <i>C. perfringens</i> could be regarded as one of the concerning pathogens in these products. Comprehensive monitoring of <i>C. perfringens</i> isolates is strongly recommended. |
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| Item Description: | 10.3390/antibiotics11030340 2079-6382 |