Isolation and Characterization of Infection of Four New Bacteriophages Infecting a <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> Strain

• Main Authors: João Duarte (Author), David Trindade (Author), Vanessa Oliveira (Author), Newton C. M. Gomes (Author), Ricardo Calado (Author), Carla Pereira (Author), Adelaide Almeida (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: MDPI AG, 2024-11-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.
• Notes: 10.3390/antibiotics13111086; 2079-6382
• Keywords: phage infection; bacterial inactivation; phage-resistant bacteria; bacterial fitness; Therapeutics. Pharmacology; RM1-950
• Source: Antibiotics, Vol 13, Iss 11, p 1086 (2024)

Bacteria from genus Vibrio continue to be one of the most common threats to aquaculture sustainability. <i>Vibrio</i> spp. have been associated with infectious outbreaks in fish, shrimp, bivalves and even algae farms worldwide. Moreover, several <i>Vibrio</i> spp. are also pathogens that impact human health and are a threat to public health when transferred to consumers through contaminated seafood products. The use of bacteriophages is an evolving technology that could be applied in the treatment of <i>Vibrio</i> spp. either to protect aquaculture farms or to decontaminate seafood, namely bivalves during their depuration. In the present study, bacteriophages vB_VpS_LMAVpS1 (S1) vB_VpS_LMAVpVPP (VPP), vB_VpS_LMAVpSH (SH) and vB_VpS_LMAVpH (H) infecting <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> were isolated and characterized. All phages presented fast adsorption rates and were able to control <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> at all multiplicity of infections (MOIs) tested (MOI of 1, 10 and 100), with reductions of more than 4 log CFU/mL being recorded, but only in the presence of divalent cation calcium. The rate of emergence of phage-resistant mutants was very low (1.8 × 10⁻⁶ to 3.1 × 10⁻⁶). Bacterial phage resistance was not permanent and led to a loss of bacterial fitness. All four phages presented with lysins encoded in their genomes. The results presented provide valuable insights for future studies in the application of these bacteriophages in different scenarios to control, decontaminate or treat bacterial infections or contaminations of <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i>.