Alzheimer's Disease Severity Is Associated with an Imbalance in Serum Levels of Enzymes Regulating Plasmin Synthesis
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a central nervous system (CNS) disease characterized by loss of memory, cognitive functions, and neurodegeneration. Plasmin is an enzyme degrading many plasma proteins. In the CNS, plasmin may reduce the accumulation of beta amyloid (Aβ) and have other actions releva...
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MDPI AG,
2022-08-01T00:00:00Z.
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| LEADER | 00000 am a22000003u 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | doaj_10736cb731c94ecca32a1f16d7b7938f | ||
| 042 | |a dc | ||
| 100 | 1 | 0 | |a Francesco Angelucci |e author |
| 700 | 1 | 0 | |a Katerina Veverova |e author |
| 700 | 1 | 0 | |a Alžbeta Katonová |e author |
| 700 | 1 | 0 | |a Lydia Piendel |e author |
| 700 | 1 | 0 | |a Martin Vyhnalek |e author |
| 700 | 1 | 0 | |a Jakub Hort |e author |
| 245 | 0 | 0 | |a Alzheimer's Disease Severity Is Associated with an Imbalance in Serum Levels of Enzymes Regulating Plasmin Synthesis |
| 260 | |b MDPI AG, |c 2022-08-01T00:00:00Z. | ||
| 500 | |a 10.3390/ph15091074 | ||
| 500 | |a 1424-8247 | ||
| 520 | |a Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a central nervous system (CNS) disease characterized by loss of memory, cognitive functions, and neurodegeneration. Plasmin is an enzyme degrading many plasma proteins. In the CNS, plasmin may reduce the accumulation of beta amyloid (Aβ) and have other actions relevant to AD pathophysiology. Brain plasmin synthesis is regulated by two enzymes: one activating, the tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), and the other inhibiting, the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). We investigated the levels of tPA and PAI-1 in serum from 40 AD and 40 amnestic mild cognitively impaired (aMCI) patients compared to 10 cognitively healthy controls. Moreover, we also examined the PAI-1/tPA ratio in these patient groups. Venous blood was collected and the PAI-1 and tPA serum concentrations were quantified using sandwich ELISAs. The results showed that PAI-1 levels increased in AD and aMCI patients. This increase negatively correlated with cognitive performance measured using the Mini-Mental Status Exam (MMSE). Similarly, the ratio between tPA and PAI-1 gradually increases in aMCI and AD patients. This study demonstrates that AD and aMCI patients have altered PAI-1 serum levels and PAI-1/tPA ratio. Since these enzymes are CNS regulators of plasmin, PAI-1 serum levels could be a marker reflecting cognitive decline in AD. | ||
| 546 | |a EN | ||
| 690 | |a Alzheimer's disease | ||
| 690 | |a amnestic mild cognitive impairment | ||
| 690 | |a plasmin | ||
| 690 | |a tissue-type plasminogen activator | ||
| 690 | |a plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 | ||
| 690 | |a ratio | ||
| 690 | |a Medicine | ||
| 690 | |a R | ||
| 690 | |a Pharmacy and materia medica | ||
| 690 | |a RS1-441 | ||
| 655 | 7 | |a article |2 local | |
| 786 | 0 | |n Pharmaceuticals, Vol 15, Iss 9, p 1074 (2022) | |
| 787 | 0 | |n https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/15/9/1074 | |
| 787 | 0 | |n https://doaj.org/toc/1424-8247 | |
| 856 | 4 | 1 | |u https://doaj.org/article/10736cb731c94ecca32a1f16d7b7938f |z Connect to this object online. |