The Antibiofilm Effects of Antimony Tin Oxide Nanoparticles against Polymicrobial Biofilms of Uropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>

• Main Authors: Inji Park (Author), Afreen Jailani (Author), Jin-Hyung Lee (Author), Bilal Ahmed (Author), Jintae Lee (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: MDPI AG, 2023-06-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.

Summary

Biofilms are responsible for persistent or recurring microbial infections. Polymicrobial biofilms are prevalent in environmental and medical niches. Dual-species biofilms formed by Gram-negative uropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (UPEC) and Gram-positive <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> are commonly found in urinary tract infection sites. Metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) are widely studied for their antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties. We hypothesized that antimony-doped tin (IV) oxide (ATO) NPs, which contain a combination of antimony (Sb) and tin (Sn) oxides, are good antimicrobial candidates due to their large surface area. Thus, we investigated the antibiofilm and antivirulence properties of ATO NPs against single- and dual-species biofilms formed by UPEC and <i>S. aureus</i>. ATO NPs at 1 mg/mL significantly inhibited biofilm formation by UPEC, <i>S. aureus</i>, and dual-species biofilms and reduced their main virulence attributes, such as the cell surface hydrophobicity of UPEC and hemolysis of <i>S. aureus</i> and dual-species biofilms. Gene expression studies showed ATO NPs downregulated the <i>hla</i> gene in <i>S. aureus</i>, which is essential for hemolysin production and biofilm formation. Furthermore, toxicity assays with seed germination and <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> models confirmed the non-toxic nature of ATO NPs. These results suggest that ATO nanoparticles and their composites could be used to control persistent UPEC and <i>S. aureus</i> infections.

Item Description

10.3390/pharmaceutics15061679
1999-4923