Evaluation of desmoglein 1 and desmoglein 3 autoantibodies in oral cancer: A pilot study

• Main Authors: Pavan Kumar Yellarthi (Author), Arvind Muthukrishnan (Author), Raghurama Rao Gandikota (Author), Y Sandhya Pavankumar (Author), Divya Uppala (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.

Summary

Background: Carcinogenesis is a complex multistep process involving alterations at the cellular level. Alteration in cell-to-cell adhesion of oral epithelium plays an important role in carcinogenesis and metastasis. The alterations in the role of desmosomal components due to autoantibodies to desmoglein 1 (DSG 1) and desmoglein 3 (DSG 3) may cause the detachment of the cells due to altered adhesiveness leading to initiation and metastasis. The exact role of autoantibodies in DSG 1 and 3 and their role in oral carcinogenesis remains unclear. Objectives: A pilot study was undertaken to evaluate autoantibodies to DSG 1 and 3 oral cancer (OC), Oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMDs) patients, and healthy controls. Materials and Methods: A total of 25 cases (15 OC, 5 OPMDs, and 5 healthy controls) were selected. Serum and tissue biopsies were taken and evaluated for autoantibodies to DSG 1 and 3 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and was confirmed with direct immunofluorescence (DIF). Results: The DSG 1 and 3 values obtained were way below the positive value of 20 RU/ml for autoantibody levels for either DSG 1 or DSG 3 in serum. Direct immunofluorescence (DIF) of tissues also failed to demonstrate the presence of antibodies in all three groups. Conclusion: Though the results were not encouraging, they suggest a possible role of desmosomal components, DSG 1 and 3, in oral carcinogenesis and metastasis.

Item Description

0972-1363
10.4103/jiaomr.jiaomr_215_23