Adsorption of Chlormethine Anti-Cancer Drug on Pure and Aluminum-Doped Boron Nitride Nanocarriers: A Comparative DFT Study

• Main Authors: Mahmoud A. A. Ibrahim (Author), Al-shimaa S. M. Rady (Author), Asmaa M. A. Mandarawe (Author), Lamiaa A. Mohamed (Author), Ahmed M. Shawky (Author), Tamer H. A. Hasanin (Author), Peter A. Sidhom (Author), Mahmoud E. S. Soliman (Author), Nayra A. M. Moussa (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: MDPI AG, 2022-09-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.
• Notes: 10.3390/ph15101181; 1424-8247
• Keywords: boron nitride nanocarriers; Chlormethine; anti-cancer drug; DFT calculations; thermodynamic parameters; Medicine; R; Pharmacy and materia medica; RS1-441
• Source: Pharmaceuticals, Vol 15, Iss 10, p 1181 (2022)

The efficacy of pure and aluminum (Al)-doped boron nitride nanocarriers (B₁₂N₁₂ and AlB₁₁N₁₂) in adsorbing Chlormethine (CM), an anti-cancer drug, was comparatively dissected by means of the density functional theory method. The CM∙∙∙B₁₂N₁₂ and ∙∙∙AlB₁₁N₁₂ complexes were studied within two configurations, A and B, in which the adsorption process occurred via N∙∙∙ and Cl∙∙∙B/Al interactions, respectively. The electrostatic potential affirmations confirmed the opulent ability of the studied nanocarriers to engage in delivering CM via two prominent electrophilic sites (B and Al). Furthermore, the adsorption process within the CM∙∙∙AlB₁₁N₁₂ complexes was noticed to be more favorable compared to that within the CM∙∙∙B₁₂N₁₂ analog and showed interaction and adsorption energy values up to -59.68 and −52.40 kcal/mol, respectively, for configuration A. Symmetry-adapted perturbation theory results indicated that electrostatic forces were dominant in the adsorption process. Notably, the adsorption of CM over B₁₂N₁₂ and AlB₁₁N₁₂ nanocarriers exhibited predominant changes in their electronic properties. An elemental alteration was also revealed for the softness and hardness of B₁₂N₁₂ and AlB₁₁N₁₂ nanocarriers before and following the CM adsorption. Spontaneity and exothermic nature were obviously observed for the studied complexes and confirmed by the negative values of thermodynamic parameters. In line with energetic manifestation, Gibbs free energy and enthalpy change were drastically increased by the Al doping process, with values raised to -37.15 and -50.14 kcal/mol, respectively, for configuration A of the CM∙∙∙AlB₁₁N₁₂ complex. Conspicuous enhancement was noticed for the adsorption process in the water phase more than that in the gas phase and confirmed by the negative values of the solvation energy up to −53.50 kcal/mol for configuration A of the CM∙∙∙AlB₁₁N₁₂ complex. The obtained outcomes would be the linchpin for the future utilization of boron nitride as a nanocarrier.