The spatial-temporal risk profiling of Clonorchis sinensis infection over 50 years implies the effectiveness of control programs in South Korea: a geostatistical modeling studyResearch in context

• Main Authors: Hai-Yan Xiao (Author), Jong-Yil Chai (Author), Yue-Yi Fang (Author), Ying-Si Lai (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: Elsevier, 2023-04-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.
• Notes: 2666-6065; 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2023.100697
• Keywords: Clonorchis sinensis; Preferential sampling; Bayesian spatial-temporal joint model; High-resolution risk map; Control program; Public aspects of medicine; RA1-1270
• Source: The Lancet Regional Health. Western Pacific, Vol 33, Iss , Pp 100697- (2023)

Summary: Background: Over the past 50 years, two national control programs on Clonorchis sinensis infection have been conducted in South Korea. Spatial-temporal profiles of infection risk provide useful information on assessing the effectiveness of the programs and planning spatial-targeted control strategies. Methods: Advanced Bayesian geostatistical joint models with spatial-temporal random effects were developed to analyze disease data collecting by a systematic review with potential influencing factors, and to handle issues of preferential sampling and data heterogeneities. Changes of the infection risk were analyzed. Findings: We presented the first spatial-temporal risk maps of C. sinensis infection at 5 × 5 km2 resolution from 1970 to 2020 in South Korea. Moderate-to-high risk areas were shrunk, but temporal variances were shown in different areas. The population-adjusted estimated prevalence across the country was 5.99% (95% BCI: 5.09-7.01%) in 1970, when the first national deworming campaign began. It declined to 3.95% (95% BCI: 2.88-3.95%) in 1995, when the campaign suspended, and increased to 4.73% (95% BCI: 4.00-5.42%) in 2004, just before the Clonorchiasis Eradication Program (CEP). The population-adjusted prevalence was estimated at 2.77% (95% BCI: 1.67-4.34%) in 2020, 15 years after CEP started, corresponding to 1.42 (95% BCI: 0.85-2.23) million infected people. Interpretation: The first nationwide campaign and the CEP showed effectiveness on control of C. sinensis infection. Moderate-to-high risk areas identified by risk maps should be prioritized for control and intervention. Funding: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (project no. 82073665) and the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (project no. 2022A1515010042).