Effects of Force Constancy on the Distribution of Interleukin-1 Beta and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Levels
Objective:The purpose of this study was to evaluate levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) with hybrid and PG retractors, which have differences in constancy of force.Materials and Method:Forty canine teeth of 10 orthodontic pa...
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Galenos Yayinevi,
2013-03-01T00:00:00Z.
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