Colistin Resistance in <i>Acinetobacter baumannii:</i> Molecular Mechanisms and Epidemiology
<i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> is recognized as a clinically significant pathogen causing a wide spectrum of nosocomial infections. Colistin was considered a last-resort antibiotic for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant <i>A. baumannii</i>. Since the re...
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| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Book |
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MDPI AG,
2023-03-01T00:00:00Z.
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| Summary: | <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> is recognized as a clinically significant pathogen causing a wide spectrum of nosocomial infections. Colistin was considered a last-resort antibiotic for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant <i>A. baumannii</i>. Since the reintroduction of colistin, a number of mechanisms of colistin resistance in <i>A. baumannii</i> have been reported, including complete loss of LPS by inactivation of the biosynthetic pathway, modifications of target LPS driven by the addition of phosphoethanolamine (PEtN) moieties to lipid A mediated by the chromosomal <i>pmrCAB</i> operon and <i>eptA</i> gene-encoded enzymes or plasmid-encoded <i>mcr</i> genes and efflux of colistin from the cell. In addition to resistance to colistin, widespread heteroresistance is another feature of <i>A. baumannii</i> that leads to colistin treatment failure. This review aims to present a critical assessment of relevant published (>50 experimental papers) up-to-date knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of colistin resistance in <i>A. baumannii</i> with a detailed review of implicated mutations and the global distribution of colistin-resistant strains. |
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| Item Description: | 10.3390/antibiotics12030516 2079-6382 |