GC-MS Profiling and Biomedical Applications of Essential Oil of <i>Euphorbia larica</i> Boiss.: A New Report

• Main Authors: Muddaser Shah (Author), Faizullah Khan (Author), Saeed Ullah (Author), Tapan Kumar Mohanta (Author), Ajmal Khan (Author), Rimsha Zainab (Author), Naseem Rafiq (Author), Hussan Ara (Author), Tanveer Alam (Author), Najeeb Ur Rehman (Author), Ahmed Al-Harrasi (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: MDPI AG, 2023-03-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.
• Notes: 10.3390/antiox12030662; 2076-3921
• Keywords: <i>Euphorbia larica</i> Boiss.; antidiabetic; essential oil; GC-MS; cytotoxic; CA-II; Therapeutics. Pharmacology; RM1-950
• Source: Antioxidants, Vol 12, Iss 3, p 662 (2023)

The present study explored <i>Euphorbia larica</i> essential oil (ELEO) constituents for the first time, obtained via hydro-distillation by means of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) profiling. The essential oil was screened in vitro against breast cancer cells, normal cell lines, α-glucosidase, carbonic anhydrase-II (CA-II), free radical scavenging and in vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory capabilities. The GC-MS screening revealed that the ELEO comprises sixty compounds (95.25%) with the dominant constituents being camphene (16.41%), thunbergol (15.33%), limonene (4.29%), eremophilene (3.77%), and β-eudesmol (3.51%). A promising antidiabetic capacity was noticed with an IC₅₀ of 9.63 ± 0.22 μg/mL by the ELEO as equated to acarbose with an IC₅₀ = 377.71 ± 1.34 μg/mL, while a 162.82 ± 1.24 μg/mL inhibition was observed against CA-II. Regarding breast cancer, the ELEO offered considerable cytotoxic capabilities against the triple-negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cell lines, having an IC₅₀ = 183.8 ± 1.6 μg/mL. Furthermore, the ELEO was also tested with the human breast epithelial (MCF-10A) cell line, and the findings also presumed that the ELEO did not produce any damage to the tested normal cell lines. The ELEO was effective against the Gram-positive bacteria and offered a 19.8 ± 0.02 mm zone of inhibition (ZOI) against <i>B. atrophaeus</i>. At the same time, the maximum resistance with 18.03 ± 0.01 mm ZOI against the fungal strain <i>Aspergillus parasiticus</i> was observed among the tested fungal strains. An appreciable free radical significance was observed via the DPPH assay with an IC₅₀ = 133.53 ± 0.19 µg/mL as equated to the ABTS assay having an IC₅₀ = 154.93 ± 0.17 µg/mL. The ELEO also offered a substantial analgesic capacity and produced 58.33% inhibition in comparison with aspirin, a 68.47% decrease in writhes, and an anti-inflammatory capability of 65.54% inhibition, as equated to the standard diclofenac sodium having 73.64% inhibition. Hence, it was concluded that the ELEO might be a natural source for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, breast cancer, analgesic, inflammatory, and antimicrobial-related diseases. Moreover, additional phytochemical and pharmacological studies are needed to isolate responsible chemical ingredients to formulate new drugs for the examined activities.