Protective effects of mouthwash formulations of <i>Syzygium polyantha</i> (L.) and <i>Piper betel</i> (L.) on oral microbiota-induced gingivitis

• Main Authors: Megananda Hiranya Putri (Author), Neneng Nurjanah (Author), Dewi Sodja Laela (Author), Susi Sukmasari (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: PAGEPress Publications, 2023-12-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.
• Notes: 10.4081/hls.2023.11768; 2281-7824
• Keywords: mouthwash formulations; Syzigium polyanta leaves; Piper betle leaves; anti-inflammation; gingivitis; Public aspects of medicine; RA1-1270
• Source: Healthcare in Low-resource Settings (2023)

Using a combination of natural ingredients as a mouthwash was expected to have a synergistic effect in preventing gingivitis, a common oral disease. The objective of this study was to elucidate the anti-inflammatory effect of different proportions of mouthwash infusions: F1 (75% Syzygium polyantha and 25% Piper betle) and F2 (25% Syzygium polyantha and 75% Piper betle) on oral microbiota causing gingivitis. Twenty-four Rattus norvegicus were divided into four groups, and bacteria were injected into the periodontal sulcus. The anti-inflammatory effect was assessed by calculating the reduced number of polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes. A cytotoxicity test was carried out on the normal fibroblast cell line 3T3-L1. There were no significant differences in the decreased number of PMN leukocytes (p = 0.079 > 0.05). Both F1 and F2 showed results of cell viability approaching 100% of living cells at concentrations of 0.29 ppm and 0.04 ppm, equivalent to 0.058% and 0.029%, respectively. This study concluded that both formulations of Syzygium polyantha and Piper betle have potential effects on gingivitis prevention. They had an effectiveness level almost similar to Chlorhexidine gluconate 2%. The toxicity value of formulation F1 is superior to that of formulation F2. Further studies concerning the toxicity of the mixtures and their effect on oral biofilm are needed.