Nitrosamines crisis in pharmaceuticals − Insights on toxicological implications, root causes and risk assessment: A systematic review

• Main Authors: Hemanth P.R. Vikram (Author), Tegginamath Pramod Kumar (Author), Gunjan Kumar (Author), Narasimha M. Beeraka (Author), Rajashree Deka (Author), Sheik Mohammed Suhail (Author), Sandeep Jat (Author), Namitha Bannimath (Author), Gayatiri Padmanabhan (Author), Ravandur S. Chandan (Author), Pramod Kumar (Author), Bannimath Gurupadayya (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: Elsevier, 2024-05-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.

Summary

The presence of N-nitroso compounds, particularly N-nitrosamines, in pharmaceutical products has raised global safety concerns due to their significant genotoxic and mutagenic effects. This systematic review investigates their toxicity in active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), drug products, and pharmaceutical excipients, along with novel analytical strategies for detection, root cause analysis, reformulation strategies, and regulatory guidelines for nitrosamines. This review emphasizes the molecular toxicity of N-nitroso compounds, focusing on genotoxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic, and other physiological effects. Additionally, it addresses the ongoing nitrosamine crisis, the development of nitrosamine-free products, and the importance of sensitive detection methods and precise risk evaluation. This comprehensive overview will aid molecular biologists, analytical scientists, formulation scientists in research and development sector, and researchers involved in management of nitrosamine-induced toxicity and promoting safer pharmaceutical products.

Item Description

2095-1779
10.1016/j.jpha.2023.12.009