The Effect of Cigarette Smoking during Pregnancy on Endocrine Pancreatic Function and Fetal Growth: A Pilot Study

IntroductionCigarette smoking in pregnancy is a common cause of fetal growth restriction. We aimed to investigate endocrine pancreatic function of mother-infant dyads in relation to cigarette smoking, as a possible mechanism for the poor fetal growth.MethodsProspective study of smoking mothers (10 c...

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Main Authors: Fatima Lockhart (Author), Anthony Liu (Author), Bernard Linton Champion (Author), Michael John Peek (Author), Ralph Kay Heinrich Nanan (Author), Alison Sally Poulton (Author)
Format: Book
Published: Frontiers Media S.A., 2017-11-01T00:00:00Z.
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042 |a dc 
100 1 0 |a Fatima Lockhart  |e author 
700 1 0 |a Anthony Liu  |e author 
700 1 0 |a Bernard Linton Champion  |e author 
700 1 0 |a Michael John Peek  |e author 
700 1 0 |a Ralph Kay Heinrich Nanan  |e author 
700 1 0 |a Alison Sally Poulton  |e author 
245 0 0 |a The Effect of Cigarette Smoking during Pregnancy on Endocrine Pancreatic Function and Fetal Growth: A Pilot Study 
260 |b Frontiers Media S.A.,   |c 2017-11-01T00:00:00Z. 
500 |a 2296-2565 
500 |a 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00314 
520 |a IntroductionCigarette smoking in pregnancy is a common cause of fetal growth restriction. We aimed to investigate endocrine pancreatic function of mother-infant dyads in relation to cigarette smoking, as a possible mechanism for the poor fetal growth.MethodsProspective study of smoking mothers (10 cigarettes or more per day, self-reported to the midwife) and non-smoker control mothers during their first pregnancy. Insulin, glucose, C-peptide, HbA1C, fructosamine, prolactin, serotonin, and cortisol were measured in maternal blood at 24-26 weeks and in umbilical cord blood at birth. Cotinine was also measured in cord blood.ResultsOf 37 smokers and 36 non-smokers recruited, cord blood was obtainable from 38 babies (19 in each group). In utero cigarette exposure was associated with lower birthweight (3,035 ± 490 versus 3,405 ± 598 g, p = 0.005), with linear modeling of the smoking cohort showing a 41 g reduction for every increase of one cigarette smoked per day (95% CI −71 to −11 g, p = 0.010). There were no differences between groups in indices of maternal or perinatal endocrine pancreatic dysfunction. Heavier smoking independently correlated with higher maternal fasting levels of glucose (p = 0.044) and C-peptide (p = 0.011). We did not observe any significant associations between the daily number of cigarettes and any of the cord blood parameters. We also looked for differences between cohorts based on infant gender. Serotonin levels were higher in smoking mothers with male fetuses (p = 0.01 to p = 0.004).ConclusionEndocrine pancreatic dysfunction does not appear to be a major contributing factor to nicotine-associated fetal growth restriction. The higher serotonin levels in smoking mothers carrying male infants is of uncertain significance but could be a manifestation of gender differences in susceptibility to the long-term effects of cigarette smoking. 
546 |a EN 
690 |a prenatal cigarette smoke exposure 
690 |a prenatal nicotine exposure 
690 |a endocrine pancreatic function 
690 |a birthweight 
690 |a insulin resistance 
690 |a serotonin 
690 |a Public aspects of medicine 
690 |a RA1-1270 
655 7 |a article  |2 local 
786 0 |n Frontiers in Public Health, Vol 5 (2017) 
787 0 |n http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpubh.2017.00314/full 
787 0 |n https://doaj.org/toc/2296-2565 
856 4 1 |u https://doaj.org/article/317f9d2ac66645faa0fe68f33e5caeb5  |z Connect to this object online.