In Vivo and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Less Polar Fractions of <i>Dasycladus vermicularis</i> (Scopoli) Krasser 1898 and the Chemical Composition of Fractions and Macroalga Volatilome

• Główni autorzy: Sanja Radman (Autor), Ana-Marija Cikoš (Autor), Sanja Babić (Autor), Lara Čižmek (Autor), Rozelindra Čož-Rakovac (Autor), Stela Jokić (Autor), Igor Jerković (Autor)
• Format: Książka
• Wydane: MDPI AG, 2022-06-01T00:00:00Z.
• Hasła przedmiotowe: article
• Dostęp online: Connect to this object online.
• Notes: 10.3390/ph15060743; 1424-8247
• Keywords: benzaldehyde; 2-phenylbut-2-enal; pheophytin <i>a</i> and its derivatives; radical scavenging and antioxidant power; zebrafish model; Medicine; R; Pharmacy and materia medica; RS1-441
• Source: Pharmaceuticals, Vol 15, Iss 6, p 743 (2022)

The present research is a comprehensive investigation of <i>Dasycladus vermicularis</i> (Scopoli) Krasser 1898 from the Adriatic Sea (Croatia) regarding volatilome-volatile organic compounds (VOCs, mostly nonpolar compounds) and less polar nonvolatile compounds for the first time. Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and hydrodistillation (HD) were used showing the great volatilome variability among fresh (HS-FrDV and HD-FrDV) and dried (HS-DrDV and HD-DrDV) samples after GC-MS analysis. Aromatic aldehydes were dominant in both fresh and air-dried HS samples with benzaldehyde as the most abundant in fresh samples and decreasing 2.7-3.7 times after drying together with 2-phenylbut-2-enal that was not present after drying. Aliphatic compounds (unsaturated hydrocarbons in HS-FrDV; saturated hydrocarbons in HS-DrDV) were also present. C₁₁-hydrocarbons (dictyopterpene C' and dictyopterpene D') were detected in HS-FrDV. (<i>E</i>)-Phytol was the most dominant compound in HD-FrDV and HD-DrDV. Diterpene alcohols (cembra-4,7,11,15-tetraen-3-ol and (<i>Z</i>)-falcarinol) and sesquiterpene alcohol, cubenol, were dominant in HD-FrDV, and their abundance decreased after drying. C₁₃-norisoprenoides (α-ionone and β-ionone) increased after drying. Aliphatic compounds were present in both HD-FrDV and HD-DrDV samples. The less polar nonvolatile compounds in the obtained fractions F3 and F4 were analysed and identified by UHPLC-ESI(+)-HRMS. Identified compounds belonged to a group of pigments (7 compounds), fatty acid derivatives (13 compounds), as well as steroids and terpenes (10 compounds). Porphyrin-based compounds (C₅₅H₇₄N₄O_5-7), xanthophylls, sphingolipid compounds, fatty acid amides, and phytosterols represented the majority of identified compounds. By implementing both in vitro and in vivo assays for antioxidant activity determination, F3 showed a higher activity than F4. Inhibitory concentrations (IC₅₀) for F3 and F4 were 498.00 ± 0.01 µg/mL and 798.00 ± 0.81 µg/mL, respectively, while a 1.5-fold reduction in the ROS level was observed after pre-treatment of zebrafish larvae with 45 µg/mL of F3.