Leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1 antibody-associated encephalitis in a 22-month-old girl: a case report

• Main Authors: JiaChang Zhao (Author), XiaoMing Yu (Author), GuangLi Qu (Author), ShuQi Wang (Author), YanJun Wang (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: BMC, 2023-08-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.

Summary

Abstract Background LGI-1 antibody-associated encephalitis is a type of autoimmune encephalitis with a lower prevalence than NMDAR antibody-associated encephalitis. LGI-1 antibody-associated encephalitis is the second most prevalent of all autoimmune encephalitides. LGI-1 antibodies interfere with the interactions of inter-synaptic proteins to produce clinical manifestations (N Engl J Med 378:840-851, 2018). Case presentation Leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1 (LGI-1) antibody-associated encephalitis is a subtype of autoimmune encephalitis with a low incidence. We report a case of a girl aged 22 months with convulsive seizures, psycho-behavioral abnormalities, sleep disorders, and limb tremors. This patient was diagnosed with LGI-1 antibody-associated encephalitis based on electroencephalography (EEG) examinations and autoimmune encephalitis antibody analyses. A combined therapy of anti-epileptic and immunosuppressant drugs was effective in controlling the patient's neurological symptoms. Conclusions The incidence of LGI-1 antibody-associated encephalitis is low and it occurs mostly in middle-aged and elderly patients, although it occasionally occurs in pediatric patients. To the best of our knowledge, this report describes the youngest patient with LGI-1 antibody-associated encephalitis. Following timely diagnosis, administration of anti-epileptic and immunosuppressant therapy was remarkably effective.

Item Description

10.1186/s12887-023-04191-y
1471-2431