The Effect of Metabolic Profile on Leptin, Adiponectin, and hs-CRP in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes

• Main Authors: Maria Kaza (Author), Charalampos Tsentidis (Author), Elpis Vlachopapadopoulou (Author), Irine-Ikbale Sakou (Author), Spyridon Karanasios (Author), George Mastorakos (Author), Kyriaki Karavanaki (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: MDPI AG, 2022-08-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.
• Notes: 10.3390/children9081162; 2227-9067
• Keywords: adipokines; adolescence; pedometers; obesity; children; Pediatrics; RJ1-570
• Source: Children, Vol 9, Iss 8, p 1162 (2022)

Adipokines are a superfamily of cell signaling proteins produced by the adipose tissue. This study's purpose was to reveal the association of adipokines (leptin, adiponectin), hs-CRP, and IL-6 with well-known cardiovascular risk factors (lipid profile, diabetes control, obesity, physical activity) in children and adolescents with T1D. This cross-sectional study included 80 participants (36 boys) with T1D, aged (mean ± SD) 14.8 ± 3.4 years. Body Mass Index (BMI), metabolic profile, and level of physical activity were assessed (using pedometers) for evaluation of their effect on serum leptin, adiponectin, IL-6, and hs-CRP. Leptin levels were associated with BMI (beta = 0.184, <i>p</i> < 0.001), waist to hip ratio (beta = −2.017, <i>p</i> = 0.022), Low Density Lipoprotein-C (LDL-C) (beta = 0.021, <i>p</i> = 0.005), and fat mass (beta = 14.07, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Adiponectin was correlated with waist to height ratio (beta = 0.048, <i>p</i> = 0.006), ΒΜΙ (beta = −0.056, <i>p</i> = 0.005), and muscle mass (beta = −0.013, <i>p</i> = 0.020). Interestingly, hs-CRP was associated with weight (beta = 0.035, <i>p</i> < 0.001), ΒΜI (beta = 0.186, <i>p</i> < 0.001), fat mass (beta = 5.2859, <i>p</i> = 0.004), and muscle mass (beta = 0.027, <i>p</i> = 0.008). Multiple regression analysis of muscle mass unveiled associations with log hs-CRP (beta = −1.237, <i>p</i> = 0.014) and inverse IL−6 (beta = 18.57, <i>p</i> = 0.01). Finally, multiple regression models of fat mass unveiled associations with physical activity (7-day-total-step-count) (beta = −3.90 × 10⁻⁷, <i>p</i> = 0.027), Inverse IL-6 (beta = −0.1572, <i>p</i> = 0.009), and squared leptin (beta = 0.0077, <i>p</i> = 0.03). This study reports a positive association of leptin with LDL-C, BMI, fat mass, and hip circumference and a negative association of adiponectin with BMI and muscle mass. Finally, hs-CRP was associated with HbA1c, fat mass, and BMI. We propose that leptin, adiponectin, and hs-CRP could be used as prognostic indicators of cardiovascular risk in children with T1D.