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Effect of Tocilizumab in Hospitalized Patients with Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Case-Control Cohort Study

Tocilizumab, an anti-interleukin-6 receptor, administrated during the right timeframe may be beneficial against coronavirus-disease-2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. All patients admitted for severe COVID-19 pneumonia (SpO<sub>2</sub> ≤ 96% despite O<sub>2</sub>-support ≥ 6 L/min) w...

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Main Authors: Benjamin Rossi (Author), Lee S. Nguyen (Author), Philippe Zimmermann (Author), Faiza Boucenna (Author), Louis Dubret (Author), Louise Baucher (Author), Helene Guillot (Author), Marie-Anne Bouldouyre (Author), Yves Allenbach (Author), Joe-Elie Salem (Author), Paul Barsoum (Author), Arezki Oufella (Author), Helene Gros (Author)
Format: Book
Published: MDPI AG, 2020-10-01T00:00:00Z.
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Summary:Tocilizumab, an anti-interleukin-6 receptor, administrated during the right timeframe may be beneficial against coronavirus-disease-2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. All patients admitted for severe COVID-19 pneumonia (SpO<sub>2</sub> ≤ 96% despite O<sub>2</sub>-support ≥ 6 L/min) without invasive mechanical ventilation were included in a retrospective cohort study in a primary care hospital. The treatment effect of a single-dose, 400 mg, of tocilizumab was assessed by comparing those who received tocilizumab to those who did not. Selection bias was mitigated using three statistical methods. Primary outcome measure was a composite of mortality and ventilation at day 28. A total of 246 patients were included (106 were treated with tocilizumab). Overall, 105 (42.7%) patients presented the primary outcome, with 71 (28.9%) deaths during the 28-day follow-up. Propensity-score-matched 84 pairs of comparable patients. In the matched cohort (n = 168), tocilizumab was associated with fewer primary outcomes than the control group (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.49 (95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 0.3-0.81), <i>p</i>-value = 0.005). These results were similar in the overall cohort (n = 246), with Cox multivariable analysis yielding a protective association between tocilizumab and primary outcome (adjusted HR = 0.26 (95%CI = 0.135-0.51, <i>p</i> = 0.0001), confirmed by inverse probability score weighting (IPSW) analysis (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). Analyses on mortality only, with 28 days of follow-up, yielded similar results. In this study, tocilizumab 400 mg in a single-dose was associated with improved survival without mechanical ventilation in patients with severe COVID-19.
Item Description:10.3390/ph13100317
1424-8247

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