Prevalence and associations between food insecurity and overweight/obesity among native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander adolescents

• Main Authors: Christopher R Long (Author), Marie-Rachelle Narcisse (Author), James P Selig (Author), Don E Willis (Author), Matthew Gannon (Author), Brett Rowland (Author), Emily S English (Author), Pearl A McElfish (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: Cambridge University Press, 2023-07-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.
• Notes: 10.1017/S1368980023000769; 1368-9800; 1475-2727
• Keywords: Food insecurity; Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islanders; Obesity; Adolescents; Public aspects of medicine; RA1-1270; Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases; RC620-627
• Source: Public Health Nutrition, Vol 26, Pp 1338-1344 (2023)

Abstract Objective: This study estimates the prevalence of, and associations between, family food insecurity and overweight/obesity among Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (NHPI) adolescents and explores socio-demographic factors which might have a moderation effect on the association. Design: Cross-sectional study using 2014 NHPI-National Health Interview Survey data reported by a parent or guardian. Family-level food security was assessed by the US Department of Agriculture 10-item questionnaire. BMI for age and sex ≥ 85th and 95th percentiles defined overweight and obesity, respectively, according to US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria. Setting: The USA, including all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Participants: 383 NHPI adolescents aged 12-17 in the USA. Results: A third (33·5 %) of NHPI adolescents aged 12-17 were overweight (19·1 %) or obese (14·4 %); 8·1 % had low food security; and 8·5 % had very low food security. Mean family food security score was 1·06, which corresponds to marginal food security. We found no association between family food insecurity and adolescent overweight/obesity or between any other covariates and overweight/obesity, except for family Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participation. Odds of being overweight/obese were 77 % lower for adolescents in families participating in SNAP (OR: 0·23, 95 % CI: 0·08, 0·64, P = 0·007). The association between SNAP participation and lower odds of overweight/obesity was particularly pronounced for adolescent girls in food-insecure families. Conclusions: The association between SNAP participation and lower odds of overweight/obesity suggests potential benefit of research to determine whether interventions to increase SNAP enrollment would improve NHPI adolescents' health outcomes.