<i>Citrus bergamia</i>: Kinetics of Antimicrobial Activity on Clinical Isolates

Background: The inappropriate use of antibiotics has increased selective pressure and the spread of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, which reduces the possibility of effective treatment. A potential alternative therapeutic approach may be represented by essential oils, such as the distilled ext...

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Main Authors: Angela Quirino (Author), Valeria Giorgi (Author), Ernesto Palma (Author), Nadia Marascio (Author), Paola Morelli (Author), Angelo Maletta (Author), Francesca Divenuto (Author), Giuseppe De Angelis (Author), Valentina Tancrè (Author), Saverio Nucera (Author), Micaela Gliozzi (Author), Vincenzo Musolino (Author), Cristina Carresi (Author), Vincenzo Mollace (Author), Maria Carla Liberto (Author), Giovanni Matera (Author)
Format: Book
Published: MDPI AG, 2022-03-01T00:00:00Z.
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042 |a dc 
100 1 0 |a Angela Quirino  |e author 
700 1 0 |a Valeria Giorgi  |e author 
700 1 0 |a Ernesto Palma  |e author 
700 1 0 |a Nadia Marascio  |e author 
700 1 0 |a Paola Morelli  |e author 
700 1 0 |a Angelo Maletta  |e author 
700 1 0 |a Francesca Divenuto  |e author 
700 1 0 |a Giuseppe De Angelis  |e author 
700 1 0 |a Valentina Tancrè  |e author 
700 1 0 |a Saverio Nucera  |e author 
700 1 0 |a Micaela Gliozzi  |e author 
700 1 0 |a Vincenzo Musolino  |e author 
700 1 0 |a Cristina Carresi  |e author 
700 1 0 |a Vincenzo Mollace  |e author 
700 1 0 |a Maria Carla Liberto  |e author 
700 1 0 |a Giovanni Matera  |e author 
245 0 0 |a <i>Citrus bergamia</i>: Kinetics of Antimicrobial Activity on Clinical Isolates 
260 |b MDPI AG,   |c 2022-03-01T00:00:00Z. 
500 |a 10.3390/antibiotics11030361 
500 |a 2079-6382 
520 |a Background: The inappropriate use of antibiotics has increased selective pressure and the spread of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, which reduces the possibility of effective treatment. A potential alternative therapeutic approach may be represented by essential oils, such as the distilled extract of bergamot (<i>Citrus bergamia</i> Risso et Poiteau). Such natural products exercise numerous biological activities, including antimicrobial effects. Methods: This work aimed to evaluate the kinetics of the bactericidal and fungicidal activity of the distilled extract of bergamot on MDR bacteria and fungi from clinical specimens using the <i>time-kill assay</i>. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of the distilled extract of bergamot on the morphology and cellular organization of clinical pathogens was evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Results: Our results demonstrated that the distilled extract of bergamot exhibited significant antimicrobial activity and a specific bactericidal effect against the bacterial and fungal strains tested. Furthermore, confocal microscope images clearly showed compromised membrane integrity, damage and cell death in bacterial samples treated with the distilled extract of bergamot. In addition, progressive alterations in cell-wall composition, cytoplasmic material and nucleus structure triggered by exposure to the distilled extract of bergamot were identified in the fungal samples considered. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the use of essential oils, such as distilled extract of bergamot (<i>Citrus bergamia</i> Risso et Poiteau), can represent a valid alternative therapeutic strategy to counteract antibiotic resistance of pathogens. 
546 |a EN 
690 |a <i>Citrus bergamia</i> 
690 |a antimicrobial activity 
690 |a multi-drug-resistant bacteria 
690 |a <i>time-kill assay</i> 
690 |a fungicidal activity 
690 |a Therapeutics. Pharmacology 
690 |a RM1-950 
655 7 |a article  |2 local 
786 0 |n Antibiotics, Vol 11, Iss 3, p 361 (2022) 
787 0 |n https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/11/3/361 
787 0 |n https://doaj.org/toc/2079-6382 
856 4 1 |u https://doaj.org/article/4abbfc9efd3c4a99a672c47249fe806f  |z Connect to this object online.