Is C-reactive protein associated with influenza A or B in primary care patients with influenza-like illness? A cross-sectional study

• Main Authors: Karin Rystedt (Author), Nicolay Jonassen Harbin (Author), Morten Lindbaek (Author), Ruta Radzeviciene (Author), Ronny Gunnarsson (Author), Robert Eggertsen (Author), Christopher C. Butler (Author), Alike W. van der Velden (Author), Theo J. Verheij (Author), Pär-Daniel Sundvall (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: Taylor & Francis Group, 2020-10-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.

Summary

Objective Identifying influenza A or B as cause of influenza-like illness (ILI) is a challenge due to non-specific symptoms. An accurate, cheap and easy to use biomarker might enhance targeting influenza-specific management in primary care. The aim of this study was to investigate if C-reactive protein (CRP) is associated with influenza A or B, confirmed with PCR testing, in patients presenting with ILI. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Primary care in Lithuania, Norway and Sweden. Subjects A total of 277 patients at least 1 year of age consulting primary care with ILI during seasonal influenza epidemics. Main outcome measures Capillary blood CRP analysed as a point-of-care test and detection of influenza A or B on nasopharyngeal swabs in adults, and nasal and pharyngeal swabs in children using PCR. Results The prevalence of positive tests for influenza A among patients was 44% (121/277) and the prevalence of influenza B was 21% (58/277). Patients with influenza A infection could not be identified based on CRP concentration. However, increasing CRP concentration in steps of 10 mg/L was associated with a significantly lower risk for influenza B with an adjusted odds ratio of 0.42 (0.25-0.70; p<.001). Signs of more severe symptoms like shortness of breath, sweats or chills and dizziness were associated with higher CRP. Conclusions There was no association between CRP and influenza A. Increased concentration of CRP was associated with a lower risk for having influenza B, a finding that lacks clinical usefulness. Hence, CRP testing should be avoided in ILI, unless bacterial pneumonia is suspected.Key points Identifying influenza A or B as cause of influenza-like illness (ILI) is a challenge due to non-specific symptoms. There was no association between concentration of CRP and influenza A. Increased concentration of CRP was associated with a lower risk for having influenza B, a finding that lacks clinical usefulness. A consequence is that CRP testing should be avoided in ILI, unless bacterial pneumonia or similar is suspected.

Item Description

0281-3432
1502-7724
10.1080/02813432.2020.1843942