Trans-Cinnamaldehyde-Fighting <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> Using Nature
<i>Streptococcus mutans</i> (<i>S. mutans</i>) is the main cariogenic bacterium with acidophilic properties, in part due to its acid-producing and -resistant properties. As a result of this activity, hard tooth structures may demineralize and form caries. Trans-cinnamaldehyde...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Book |
| Published: |
MDPI AG,
2024-01-01T00:00:00Z.
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| Online Access: | Connect to this object online. |
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| Summary: | <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> (<i>S. mutans</i>) is the main cariogenic bacterium with acidophilic properties, in part due to its acid-producing and -resistant properties. As a result of this activity, hard tooth structures may demineralize and form caries. Trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC) is a phytochemical from the cinnamon plant that has established antibacterial properties for Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. This research sought to assess the antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of trans-cinnamaldehyde on <i>S. mutans</i>. TC was diluted to a concentration range of 156.25-5000 μg/mL in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) 0.03-1%, an organic solvent. Antibacterial activity was monitored by testing the range of TC concentrations on 24 h planktonic growth compared with untreated <i>S. mutans</i>. The subminimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were used to evaluate the bacterial distribution and morphology in the biofilms. Our in vitro data established a TC MBC of 2500 μg/mL against planktonic <i>S. mutans</i> using a microplate spectrophotometer. Furthermore, the DMSO-only controls showed no antibacterial effect against planktonic <i>S. mutans</i>. Next, the sub-MBC doses exhibited antibiofilm action at TC doses of ≥625 μg/mL on hydroxyapatite discs, as demonstrated through biofilm analysis using spinning-disk confocal microscopy (SDCM) and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM). Our findings show that TC possesses potent antibacterial and antibiofilm properties against <i>S. mutans</i>. Our data insinuate that the most effective sub-MBC of TC to bestow these activities is 625 μg/mL. |
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| Item Description: | 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010113 1999-4923 |