Antioxidant Biomolecules and Their Potential for the Treatment of Difficult-to-Treat Depression and Conventional Treatment-Resistant Depression

Major depression is a devastating disease affecting an increasing number of people from a young age worldwide, a situation that is expected to be worsened by the COVID-19 pandemic. New approaches for the treatment of this disease are urgently needed since available treatments are not effective for a...

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Main Authors: María Eugenia Riveros (Author), Alba Ávila (Author), Koen Schruers (Author), Fernando Ezquer (Author)
Format: Book
Published: MDPI AG, 2022-03-01T00:00:00Z.
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042 |a dc 
100 1 0 |a María Eugenia Riveros  |e author 
700 1 0 |a Alba Ávila  |e author 
700 1 0 |a Koen Schruers  |e author 
700 1 0 |a Fernando Ezquer  |e author 
245 0 0 |a Antioxidant Biomolecules and Their Potential for the Treatment of Difficult-to-Treat Depression and Conventional Treatment-Resistant Depression 
260 |b MDPI AG,   |c 2022-03-01T00:00:00Z. 
500 |a 10.3390/antiox11030540 
500 |a 2076-3921 
520 |a Major depression is a devastating disease affecting an increasing number of people from a young age worldwide, a situation that is expected to be worsened by the COVID-19 pandemic. New approaches for the treatment of this disease are urgently needed since available treatments are not effective for all patients, take a long time to produce an effect, and are not well-tolerated in many cases; moreover, they are not safe for all patients. There is solid evidence showing that the antioxidant capacity is lower and the oxidative damage is higher in the brains of depressed patients as compared with healthy controls. Mitochondrial disfunction is associated with depression and other neuropsychiatric disorders, and this dysfunction can be an important source of oxidative damage. Additionally, neuroinflammation that is commonly present in the brain of depressive patients highly contributes to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). There is evidence showing that pro-inflammatory diets can increase depression risk; on the contrary, an anti-inflammatory diet such as the Mediterranean diet can decrease it. Therefore, it is interesting to evaluate the possible role of plant-derived antioxidants in depression treatment and prevention as well as other biomolecules with high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential such as the molecules paracrinely secreted by mesenchymal stem cells. In this review, we evaluated the preclinical and clinical evidence showing the potential effects of different antioxidant and anti-inflammatory biomolecules as antidepressants, with a focus on difficult-to-treat depression and conventional treatment-resistant depression. 
546 |a EN 
690 |a oxidative stress 
690 |a neuroinflammation 
690 |a major depressive disorder 
690 |a mesenchymal stem cells 
690 |a exosomes 
690 |a plant extracts 
690 |a Therapeutics. Pharmacology 
690 |a RM1-950 
655 7 |a article  |2 local 
786 0 |n Antioxidants, Vol 11, Iss 3, p 540 (2022) 
787 0 |n https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/3/540 
787 0 |n https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3921 
856 4 1 |u https://doaj.org/article/4e1b2ec2a40b4bc2ba77b7800d1ed3b0  |z Connect to this object online.