The Impact of COVID-19 on the Profile of Hospital-Acquired Infections in Adult Intensive Care Units
Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are a global public health concern. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, its contribution to mortality and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) grows, particularly in intensive care units (ICUs). A two-year retrospective study from April 2019-April 2021 was conducted in...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Book |
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MDPI AG,
2021-09-01T00:00:00Z.
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| Summary: | Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are a global public health concern. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, its contribution to mortality and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) grows, particularly in intensive care units (ICUs). A two-year retrospective study from April 2019-April 2021 was conducted in an adult ICU at the Hospital for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Belgrade, Serbia to assess causative agents of HAIs and AMR rates, with the COVID-19 pandemic ensuing halfway through the study. Resistance rates >80% were observed for the majority of tested antimicrobials. In COVID-19 patients, <i>Acinetobacter</i> spp. was the dominant cause of HAIs and more frequently isolated than in non-COVID-19 patients. (67 vs. 18, <i>p</i> = 0.001). Also, resistance was higher for imipenem (56.8% vs. 24.5%, <i>p</i> < 0.001), meropenem (61.1% vs. 24.3%, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and ciprofloxacin (59.5% vs. 36.9%, <i>p</i> = 0.04). AMR rates were aggregated with findings from our previous study to identify resistance trends and establish empiric treatment recommendations. The increased presence of <i>Acinetobacter</i> spp. and a positive trend in <i>Klebsiella</i> spp. resistance to fluoroquinolones (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.980, <i>p</i> = 0.01) and carbapenems (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.963, <i>p</i> = 0.02) could have contributed to alarming resistance rates across bloodstream infections (BSIs), pneumonia (PN), and urinary tract infections (UTIs). Exceptions were vancomycin (16.0%) and linezolid (2.6%) in BSIs; tigecycline (14.3%) and colistin (0%) in PNs; and colistin (12.0%) and linezolid (0%) in UTIs. COVID-19 has changed the landscape of HAIs in our ICUs. Approval of new drugs and rigorous surveillance is urgently needed. |
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| Item Description: | 10.3390/antibiotics10101146 2079-6382 |