Three Days of Oral Azithromycin Versus Five Days of Oral Clarithromycin in the Treatment of Campylobacter Enterocolitis in Children: A Prospective Study

• Main Authors: Hyun Mi Kang (Author), Yoon Kyung Cho (Author), Ye Ji Kim (Author), Dae Chul Jeong (Author), In Hyuk Yoo (Author)
• Format: Book
• Published: MDPI AG, 2024-10-01T00:00:00Z.
• Subjects: article
• Online Access: Connect to this object online.
• Notes: 10.3390/antibiotics13100969; 2079-6382
• Keywords: <i>Campylobacter</i> enterocolitis; azithromycin; clarithromycin; pediatric; Therapeutics. Pharmacology; RM1-950
• Source: Antibiotics, Vol 13, Iss 10, p 969 (2024)

Objective: This study aimed to compare the efficacy and tolerability of azithromycin and clarithromycin in pediatric <i>Campylobacter</i> enterocolitis. Methods: A prospective, randomized, controlled trial was conducted at a single center. Patients with confirmed <i>Campylobacter</i> enterocolitis were randomly assigned to receive either a 3-day course of azithromycin or a 5-day course of clarithromycin. Symptoms were monitored daily, and changes in laboratory markers (WBC counts, CRP levels, and stool calprotectin) were compared. Results: A total of 29 pediatric patients were included, with 14 patients in the azithromycin group and 15 patients in the clarithromycin group. The median age of patients in the azithromycin group was 10.0 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 5.0-13.0), and in the clarithromycin group, the median age was 9.0 years (IQR: 7.0-13.0) (<i>p</i> = 0.793). The median time to clinical resolution was 3.0 days (IQR: 2.0-3.0) in the azithromycin group and 2.0 days (IQR: 2.0-3.0) in the clarithromycin group (<i>p</i> = 0.132). There were no significant differences in the duration of individual symptoms, including fever, vomiting, and abdominal pain. The length of hospital stay was also similar, with a median stay of 4 days (IQR: 3.0-5.0) in both groups (<i>p</i> = 0.394). Both antibiotics were well-tolerated, with no significant adverse events or treatment discontinuation reported. Conclusions: Clarithromycin was found to be as effective as azithromycin in treating pediatric <i>Campylobacter</i> enterocolitis, with similar clinical outcomes and improvements in laboratory markers.